{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T13:03:28Z","timestamp":1769605408019,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IAEA\/FAO","award":["URT-22658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["URT-22658"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.; Diptera: Glossinidae) are viviparous flies that feed on blood and are found exclusively in sub-Saharan Africa. They are the only cyclic vectors of African trypanosomes, responsible for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT). In this study, we employed high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to unravel the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in five wild and three laboratory populations of tsetse species (Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans, G. swynnertoni, and G. austeni). The aim was to assess the dynamics of bacterial diversity both within each laboratory and wild population in relation to the developmental stage, insect age, gender, and location. Our results indicated that the bacterial communities associated with the four studied Glossina species were significantly influenced by their region of origin, with wild samples being more diverse compared to the laboratory samples. We also observed that the larval microbiota was significantly different than the adults. Furthermore, the sex and the species did not significantly influence the formation of the bacterial profile of the laboratory colonies once these populations were kept under the same rearing conditions. In addition, Wigglesworthia, Acinetobacter, and Sodalis were the most abundant bacterial genera in all the samples, while Wolbachia was significantly abundant in G. morsitans compared to the other studied species. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) co-occurrence network for each location (VVBD insectary, Doma, Makao, and Msubugwe) indicated a high variability between G. pallidipes and the other species in terms of the number of mutual exclusion and copresence interactions. In particular, some bacterial genera, like Wigglesworthia and Sodalis, with high relative abundance, were also characterized by a high degree of interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14110840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T13:26:55Z","timestamp":1698672415000},"page":"840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of the Bacterial Profile from Natural and Laboratory Glossina Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5398-2629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef","family":"El Yamlahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di University, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di University, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naima","family":"Bel Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di University, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9298-717X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Maurady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di University, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Technics of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di University, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed R.","family":"Britel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essa\u00e2di University, T\u00e9touan 93000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8846-8518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costas","family":"Batargias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphina E.","family":"Mutembei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamisi S.","family":"Nyingilili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3698-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deusdedit J.","family":"Malulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector & Vector Borne Diseases, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA), Tanga P.O. Box 1026, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imna I.","family":"Malele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Research and Technology Development, TVLA, Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 9254, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9109-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Asimakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3941-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Stathopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5616-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Tsiamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30131 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813049","article-title":"Predicting the Distribution of Tsetse Flies in West Africa Using Temporal Fourier Processed Meteorological Satellite Data","volume":"90","author":"Rogers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. 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