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Here, I studied how pond water colour changes along an urban gradient and how diving beetles (Dytiscidae) respond to the water colour gradient in 11 ponds with fish and 15 ponds without fish in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. I found that the pond water colour exhibited a non-significant decreasing pattern along the urban gradient, indicating that urbanisation may not necessarily drive brownification in urban ponds. Dytiscid species richness and abundance exhibited significant positive correlations with increasing water colour in ponds with fish but no significant correlation in ponds without fish. Some species, such as Agabus spp. and Dytiscus spp., appeared tolerant to highly coloured water, whereas some species, such as Hyphydrus ovatus and Hygrotus spp., tended to occur in clear water, indicating that brown water may provide dytiscids with prey refuges, but some species are intolerant to brown water. The study highlights the importance of urban pondscape heterogeneity to meet the needs of aquatic invertebrates that prefer different water colours and for the multifunctioning of urban ponds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15050308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T03:23:47Z","timestamp":1714101827000},"page":"308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Water Colour Shapes Diving Beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Assemblages in Urban Ponds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1583-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfei","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, China"},{"name":"Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies (Urbaria), FI-00100 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1999.0071","article-title":"Characterisation of urban runoff pollution in Paris","volume":"39","author":"Garnaud","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-010-9888-8","article-title":"Using the ecosystem services approach for better planning and conservation of urban green spaces: A Finland case study","volume":"19","author":"Saarela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biodivers. 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