{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:18:08Z","timestamp":1788776288535,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFD1400700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1400700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022GXNSFDA080003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFDA080003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2021YFD1400700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1400700"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2022GXNSFDA080003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFDA080003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFD1400700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1400700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022GXNSFDA080003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GXNSFDA080003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Striking a trade-off between migration and reproduction becomes imperative during long-range migration to ensure proper energy allocation. However, the mechanisms involved in this trade-off remain poorly understood. Here, we used a takeoff assay to distinguish migratory from non-migratory individuals in the fall armyworm, which is a major migratory insect worldwide. Migratory females displayed delayed ovarian development and flew further and faster than non-migratory females during tethered flight. Transcriptome analyses demonstrated an enrichment of fatty acid genes across successive levels of ovarian development and different migratory behaviors. Additionally, genes with roles in phototransduction and carbohydrate digestion along with absorption function were enriched in migratory females. Consistent with this, we identified increased abdominal lipids in migratory females that were mobilized to supply energy to the flight muscles in the thorax. Our study reveals that the fall armyworm faces a trade-off in allocating abdominal triglycerides between migration and reproduction during flight. The findings provide valuable insights for future research on this trade-off and highlight the key energy components involved in this strategic balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15100809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T10:11:04Z","timestamp":1729073464000},"page":"809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Energy Reserve Allocation in the Trade-Off between Migration and Reproduction in Fall Armyworm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3146-2812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan-Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"College of Ecology and Environment, YuZhang Normal University, Nanchang 330103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng-Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason W.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"},{"name":"Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl R.","family":"Wotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4269-2888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guo-Jun","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2079-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1000-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management of Invasive Alien Species, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China"},{"name":"Guizhou Education Department, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12407","article-title":"Long-range seasonal migration in insects: Mechanisms, evolutionary drivers and ecological consequences","volume":"18","author":"Chapman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dingle, H. (2014). Migration: The Biology of Life on the Move, Oxford University Press. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199640386.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menz, M.H.M., Reynolds, D.R., Gao, B., Hu, G., Chapman, J.W., and Wotton, K.R. (2019). Mechanisms and consequences of partial migration in insects. Front. Ecol. Evol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2019.00403"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1641\/B570206","article-title":"What is migration?","volume":"57","author":"Dingle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127272","article-title":"How and why do insects migrate?","volume":"313","author":"Holland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4901","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13362","article-title":"Genomewide transcriptional signatures of migratory flight activity in a globally invasive insect pest","volume":"24","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.37.010192.002533","article-title":"The cost of migration in insects","volume":"37","author":"Rankin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(97)00099-1","article-title":"Physiological trade-offs between reproduction, flight capability and longevity in a wing-dimorphic cricket, Modicogryllus confirmatus","volume":"44","author":"Tanaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114006","article-title":"The physiology of life history trade-offs in animals","volume":"32","author":"Zera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3642","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15178","article-title":"Monarch butterflies use an environmentally sensitive, internal timer to control overwintering dynamics","volume":"28","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2010.00172.x","article-title":"Evaluating the life-history trade-off between dispersal capability and reproduction in wing dimorphic insects: A meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Guerra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"520","article-title":"Insect migration behavior and its regulation","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/198423a0","article-title":"Physiological factors in insect migration by flight","volume":"4879","author":"Johnson","year":"1963","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Johnson, C.G. (1969). Migration and Dispersal of Insects by Flight, Methuen."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2009.07.007","article-title":"Does the onset of sexual maturation terminate the expression of migratory behaviour in moths? A study of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata","volume":"55","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2007.03.011","article-title":"Oogenesis-flight syndrome in crickets: Age-dependent egg production, flight performance, and biochemical composition of the flight muscles in adult female Gryllus bimaculatus","volume":"53","author":"Lorenz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/45.3.511","article-title":"Intermediary metabolism and life history trade-offs: Lipid metabolism in lines of the wing-polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus, selected for flight capability vs. early age reproduction","volume":"45","author":"Zera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(85)90007-4","article-title":"Insect lipids and lipoproteins, and their role in physiological processes","volume":"24","author":"Beenakkers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-112408-085356","article-title":"Insect fat body: Energy, metabolism, and regulation","volume":"55","author":"Arrese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Nation, J.L. (2016). Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, CRC Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2002.031","article-title":"Utilization of lipid for flight and reproduction in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"99","author":"Murata","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1127\/entomologia\/2022\/1659","article-title":"Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"43","author":"Kenis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Entomol. Gen."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"747","article-title":"Migratory routes and occurrence divisions of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in China","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Plant Prot."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5530","article-title":"Prediction of migratory routes of the invasive fall armyworm in eastern China using a trajectory analytical approach","volume":"76","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(20)63204-X","article-title":"Flight activity promotes reproductive processes in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"20","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"742","article-title":"Artificial diets and rearing technique of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in laboratory","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, J., Yang, F., Li, P., Liu, X.D., Wu, Q.L., Hu, G., and Zhai, B.P. (2019). Female bias in an immigratory population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis moths based on field surveys and laboratory tests. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54721-x"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Wang, Y., Huang, L., Xu, C.F., Li, J.H., Wang, F.Y., Cheng, W., Gao, B.Y., Chapman, J.W., and Hu, G. (2022). Flight capability and the low temperature threshold of a chinese field population of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Insects, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13050422"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"28","article-title":"Ovarian development gradation and reproduction potential prediction in Spodoptera frugiperda","volume":"45","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Prot."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., and Dewey, C.N. (2011). RSEM: Accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome. BMC Bioinform., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Love, M.I., Huber, W., and Anders, S. (2014). Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jda.2006.01.001","article-title":"HyperQuick algorithm for discrete hypergeometric distribution","volume":"5","author":"Berkopec","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Discret. Algorithms"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.106.068411","article-title":"Exploratory activity in Drosophila requires the kurtz nonvisual arrestin","volume":"175","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2019.103989","article-title":"GABA signaling affects motor function in the honey bee","volume":"120","author":"Mustard","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.5.1.78","article-title":"Immunocytochemical mapping of an RDL-like GABA receptor subunit and of GABA in brain structures related to learning and memory in the cricket Acheta domesticus","volume":"5","author":"Strambi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Yang, Y., Hu, Y., Shi, J., Li, Q., Wang, Y., Xia, Q., and Guo, P. (2024). Structural characterization and functional analysis of mevalonate kinase from Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052552"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.21693","article-title":"The emergence of nebulin repeats and evolution of lasp family proteins","volume":"78","author":"Fujita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytoskeleton"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300601","article-title":"Torso-like is a component of the hemolymph and regulates the insulin signaling pathway in Drosophila","volume":"208","author":"Henstridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, J., Hur, J.H., Graniel, J., Benzer, S., and Walker, D.W. (2012). Expression of yeast NDI1 rescues a Drosophila complex I assembly defect. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050644"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40936-0","article-title":"Global determinants of insect mitochondrial genetic diversity","volume":"14","author":"French","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12690","article-title":"Molecular characterization of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor from Bemisia tabaci","volume":"30","author":"Dixit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2019.113352","article-title":"Prostaglandin D2 synthase and its functional association with immune and reproductive processes in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua","volume":"287","author":"Sajjadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.04.007","article-title":"Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2 knockdown leads to decreased fatty acid oxidation in fat body and reduced reproductive capacity in the insect Rhodnius prolixus","volume":"1861","author":"Klett","year":"2016","journal-title":"BBA Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14636","article-title":"A transgenic strategy for controlling plant bugs (Adelphocoris suturalis) through expression of double-stranded RNA homologous to fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase in cotton","volume":"215","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.20002","article-title":"Changes in the biochemical composition of fat body stores during adult development of female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus","volume":"56","author":"Lorenz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2115753118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2115753118","article-title":"Locust density shapes energy metabolism and oxidative stress resulting in divergence of flight traits","volume":"119","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Zhou, Y., and Wu, K. (2023). Biological characteristics and energy metabolism of migrating insects. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13030439"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.04.003","article-title":"De novo lipogenesis in health and disease","volume":"63","author":"Ameer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saraiva, F.B., Alves-Bezerra, M., Majerowicz, D., Paes-Vieira, L., Braz, V., Almeida, M.G., Meyer-Fernandes, J.R., and Gondim, K.C. (2021). Blood meal drives de novo lipogenesis in the fat body of Rhodnius prolixus. Insect Biochem. Mol., 133.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2020.103511"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15831","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.26.15831","article-title":"Lysosomal targeting of palmitoyl-protein thioesterase","volume":"271","author":"Verkruyse","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2018.04.002","article-title":"Long chain fatty acid coenzyme A ligase (FACL) regulates triazophos-induced stimulation of reproduction in the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen)","volume":"148","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2006.01.004","article-title":"Fatty acid elongases in mammals: Their regulation and roles in metabolism","volume":"45","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0821","article-title":"17\u03b2-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 12 in human breast carcinoma: A prognostic factor via potential regulation of fatty acid synthesis","volume":"69","author":"Nagasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.104642","article-title":"Fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 are conserved druggable cofactors of Old World Alphavirus genome replication","volume":"172","author":"Bakhache","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00095.2009","article-title":"Transcription profiling and regulation of fat metabolism genes in diapausing adults of the mosquito Culex pipiens","volume":"39","author":"Sim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moraes, B., Braz, V., Santos-Araujo, S., Oliveira, I.A., Bomfim, L., Ramos, I., and Gondim, K.C. (2022). Deficiency of acetyl-CoA carboxylase impairs digestion, lipid synthesis, and reproduction in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.934667"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01775","article-title":"Energy metabolism in orchid bee flight muscles: Carbohydrate fuels all","volume":"208","author":"Suarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., Huang, D., Cao, C., and Gong, Y. (2023). Insect \u03b1-amylases and their application in pest management. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28237888"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100885","article-title":"Hexokinase is a key regulator of energy metabolism and ROS activity in insect lifespan extension","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2018.09.011","article-title":"The regulation of insulin secretion via phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C\u03b2 signaling","volume":"71","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Biol. Regul."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6149","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.46053","article-title":"DR-region of Na+\/K+-ATPase is a target to ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance in obese diabetic mice","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2017.09.001","article-title":"Unraveling the neural basis of insect navigation","volume":"24","author":"Heinze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0051","article-title":"Evolution of opsins and phototransduction","volume":"364","author":"Shichida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611402104","article-title":"Systems-level analysis and evolution of the phototransduction network in Drosophila","volume":"104","author":"Landry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00630-X","article-title":"Light-regulated subcellular translocation of Drosophila TRPL channels induces long-term adaptation and modifies the light-induced current","volume":"34","author":"Frechter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16425","article-title":"Baculoviruses hijack the visual perception of their caterpillar hosts to induce climbing behaviour thus promoting virus dispersal","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"1","article-title":"Study of the migrations of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens St\u00e5l","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Entomol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Dong, J., Hu, Z., Li, D., Fang, F., and Zhai, B. (2019). Temporary inhibition of positive phototaxis in emigratory population of Nilaparvata lugens by mark-release-recapture. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222214"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X., Yao, Y., Wang, B., Emlen, D.J., and Lavine, L.C. (2016). Ecological trade-offs between migration and reproduction are mediated by the nutrition-sensitive insulin-signaling pathway. Int. J. Biol. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.14802"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14286","article-title":"Two insulin receptors determine alternative wing morphs in planthoppers","volume":"519","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"3301","article-title":"Expression and light-dependent translocation of \u03b2-arrestin in the visual system of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus","volume":"220","author":"Matsuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(95)02054-3","article-title":"Insect neurotransmission: Neurotransmitters and their receptors","volume":"69","author":"Osborne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/15\/10\/809\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:14:05Z","timestamp":1760112845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/15\/10\/809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["insects15100809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects15100809","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]}}}