{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:19:16Z","timestamp":1783127956002,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eight sandfly-borne phleboviruses were found to circulate in North Africa. Phleboviruses detected in sandflies were Toscana (TOSV), Sandfly Fever Sicilian (SFSV), Sandfly Fever Naples (SFNV), Cyprus (CYPV), Punique (PUNV), Utique, Saddaguia, and Medjerda Valley (MVV) viruses, yielding an overall infection rate of 0.02\u20130.6%. Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus longicuspis were the most common vector species in the region. TOSV seroprevalence in dogs from Algeria (4.56%) and Tunisia (7.5%) was low and close, unlike SFSV (38.1%) and PUNV (43.5%), which were restricted to Tunisia. SFSV (1.3\u201321%) and TOSV (3.8\u201350%) were the most prevalent among humans. TOSV was frequently detected and symptomatically confirmed in both Algeria (3.8%) and Tunisia (12.86%). Other sandfly-borne phleboviruses have also been detected but less importantly, such as SFNV in Morocco (2.9%) and Tunisia (1.1%) and PUNV (8.72%), CYPV (2.9%), and MVV (1.35%) in Tunisia. Their distribution was mainly northern. Overall, 15.9% of the healthy population were seropositive for sandfly-borne phleboviruses, with evidenced cocirculation. Noticeably, studies conducted in Morocco were mostly interested in TOSV in sandflies. Available data from Libya and Egypt were scant or historical. Further elaboration is required to check the sporadic detection of less-prevalent phleboviruses and fully elucidate the epidemiological situation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15110846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T06:29:57Z","timestamp":1730183397000},"page":"846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Epidemiology of Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in North Africa: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Sellali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnologies Linked to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Lafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Pathology, Institut Pasteur of Algeria, Algiers 16000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3076-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafik","family":"Garni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Institut Pasteur of Algeria, Algiers 16000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemza","family":"Manseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnologies Linked to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7934-6359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Besbaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnologies Linked to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Lafri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnologies Linked to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1608-6473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idir","family":"Bitam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Research in Agro-Pastoralism, Djelfa 17000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001125","article-title":"Emerging arboviruses of clinical importance in Central Asia","volume":"99","author":"Atkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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