{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T21:53:21Z","timestamp":1768341201589,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of Fund for Stable Support to Agricultural Sci-Tech Renovation","award":["xjnkywdzc-2024003-48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xjnkywdzc-2024003-48"]}]},{"name":"Project of Fund for Stable Support to Agricultural Sci-Tech Renovation","award":["2022B02042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B02042"]}]},{"name":"the Key Technology Research and Development Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["xjnkywdzc-2024003-48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xjnkywdzc-2024003-48"]}]},{"name":"the Key Technology Research and Development Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022B02042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B02042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Camel bot fly (Cephalopina titillator) larvae cause myiasis in domesticated and wild camels, resulting in significant economic losses to the camel industry and posing a serious global public health concern. To date, only one mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of C. titillator isolated from the Alxa Bactrian camel has been reported. Herein, C. titillator was isolated from the Junggar Bactrian camel to assemble a complete circular mitogenome with a length of 16,552 bp encoding 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes. The mitogenome showed a high A + T content (73.31%), positive AT-skew (0.12), and negative GC-skew (\u22120.34) base composition patterns. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) employed ATG, ATA, ATT, GTG, or TCG as the start codons and TAA, TAG, or single T as the stop codons. Similar to other parasites in the Oestridae subfamily, the mitogenome was structurally conserved, with genes retaining the same order and direction as those in the ancestral insect mitogenome. The phylogenetic analysis clustered this species with the Oestrinae, showing that the subfamily did not exhibit monophyly. C. titillator isolated from the Junggar Bactrian camel was found to be a sister lineage to that isolated from the Alxa Bactrian camel. Despite the lack of data on the mitogenome of C. titillator isolated from dromedaries in the Middle East, phylogenetic analysis of C. titillator isolated from Xinjiang revealed one distinct lineage of the Xinjiang camel nasal bot fly. In conclusion, this study reports the complete mitogenome of Xinjiang C. titillator for the first time, providing valuable data for future studies on the phylogenetic relationships in this subfamily.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16010006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T21:13:18Z","timestamp":1735247598000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Phylogenetic and Comparative Genomics Study of Cephalopina titillator Based on Mitochondrial Genomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6294-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaibing","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanpeng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanqiang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6828-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faqiang","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s43088-024-00462-4","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the camel nasal botfly, Cephalopina titillator (Diptera: Oestridae)","volume":"13","author":"Shaalan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ. 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