{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:07:09Z","timestamp":1788394029696,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021YFD1400100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1400100"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2021YFD1400101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1400101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Colorado potato beetle is a notorious agricultural pest with remarkable adaptability and insecticide resistance. This study conducted comprehensive transcriptome analysis across multiple developmental stages and tissues, focusing on the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene family. Using RNA-seq data from 65 datasets, we identified significant transcriptional reprogramming during key developmental transitions, particularly from egg to first instar larva and from third instar larva to adult, reflecting critical biological processes, including feeding initiation and metamorphosis. We identified 3616 tissue-specific genes, with the testis exhibiting the highest transcriptional specialization (1182 genes). Genome-wide screening revealed 78 P450 genes distributed across four major clans with an uneven chromosomal distribution. Expression analysis demonstrated six distinct clusters with tissue and developmental stage-specific patterns. Evolutionary analysis identified five P450 genes under strong positive selection. Analysis of mRNA sequence polymorphisms revealed developmental stage and tissue-dependent patterns, with elevated mutation frequencies in early developmental stages and specific tissues. These distinct tissue and developmental stage-specific mutation patterns in P450 transcripts highlight the dynamic regulation of detoxification genes. Our findings advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beetle\u2019s ecological success and provide valuable targets for developing novel pest management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16060608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T08:22:34Z","timestamp":1749457354000},"page":"608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adaptive Evolution and Transcriptomic Specialization of P450 Detoxification Genes in the Colorado Potato Beetle Across Developmental Stages and Tissues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2712-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiejing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0507-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People\u2019s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Schoville, S.D., Chen, Y.H., Andersson, M.N., Benoit, J.B., Bhandari, A., Bowsher, J.H., Brevik, K., Cappelle, K., Chen, M.-J.M., and Childers, A.K. 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