{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:30:49Z","timestamp":1783578649368,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte","award":["0000001201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0000001201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Contemporary agriculture heavily relies on synthetic chemicals to ensure high yields and food security; however, their overuse has led to health issues and the development of pesticide resistance in pests. Researchers are now exploring natural, eco-friendly alternatives for pest control. Methods: This study evaluated two ethanol-based formulations (1.25% and 2.50%, v\/v) derived from the tangerine peel (Citrus reticulata L. var. Clementina) against conventional chemical treatments and an untreated control group in the cultivation of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Capiro). A randomised block design was used, with three blocks per treatment containing 45 plants. The experiment was conducted during the wet season (February\u2013April 2023). Results: According to visual inspections and yellow traps, following weekly application from days 30 to 105 post-planting to monitor pest (e.g., Frankliniella occidentalis, Aphididae) and beneficial insect (e.g., Coccinellidae, Apis mellifera) populations, the 2.50% formulation performed similarly to chemical treatments against pests, whilst being harmless to beneficial insects. Post-harvest analysis showed that the formulations achieved 73% of conventional yields, with comparable tuber damage and levels of Premnotrypes vorax larvae. Conclusions: Toxicological tests confirmed the eco-friendliness of the formulations, making them suitable for small-scale Andean \u2018chakras\u2019 in organic farming and honey production, without the use of chemicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16070680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T07:42:06Z","timestamp":1751355726000},"page":"680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Extract of Tangerine Peel as a Botanical Insecticide Candidate for Smallholder Potato Cultivation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2829-543X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9-Manuel","family":"Pais-Chanfrau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agro-Industrial Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Imbabura, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisbeth J.","family":"Qui\u00f1onez-Monta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Imbabura, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6808-4886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimmy","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agro-Industrial Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Imbabura, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia K.","family":"Prado-Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Imbabura, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Ca\u00f1arejo-Antamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Imbabura, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3552-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhomaira L.","family":"Burbano-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agro-Industrial Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Imbabura, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Chiliquinga-Quispe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology Engineering, Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Imbabura, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-5685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hortensia M.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yachay Tech Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (MEDCHEM-YT), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuqu\u00ed 100115, Imbabura, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4190","article-title":"Progress of Modern Agricultural Chemistry and Future Prospects","volume":"72","author":"Jeschke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pest Manag. 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