{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:59:37Z","timestamp":1792450777696,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior-Brasil (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Defatting methods are key to modulating the nutritional, functional, and bioactive characteristics of edible insect powders. This study evaluated the effects of mechanical pressing and ethanol-based solvent extraction on Hermetia illucens larvae powder. Solvent-defatted samples (DPSs) showed the highest protein content (54.96 g\/100 g), with a 61% increase compared to full-fat powder (FP), and the lowest residual lipid content (3.18 g\/100 g). In contrast, mechanical pressing (DPP) preserved higher antioxidant activity (68.30% DPPH inhibition), a 30% increase over FP. DPS also showed greater fiber content (13.90 g\/100 g), improved water solubility, emulsification capacity, and reduced water activity (0.269), desirable traits for food formulations. DPP retained higher hygroscopicity and exhibited the highest antioxidant potential among the samples. These findings demonstrate that defatting method selection significantly impacts the techno-functional and nutritional quality of insect powders and should align with the desired end use, whether for protein enrichment, enhanced antioxidant activity, or development of sustainable food ingredients. This work supports the strategic use of Hermetia illucens as a functional, high-protein ingredient and reinforces its role in advancing circular and sustainable food systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16080844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T10:33:42Z","timestamp":1755254022000},"page":"844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of Defatting Method on the Nutritional, Functional, and Bioactive Properties of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha Spindola","family":"Marasca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. It\u00e1lia, Km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7362-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan Carvalho","family":"de Sousa Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. It\u00e1lia, Km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"da Silva Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. It\u00e1lia, Km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7937-3894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Silva","family":"de Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. It\u00e1lia, Km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Dutra Resem","family":"Brizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. It\u00e1lia, Km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4698-8865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibele Santos","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. It\u00e1lia, Km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1374-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vil\u00e1sia Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Av. It\u00e1lia, Km 8, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, H., Shang, Z., Ruan, Y., and Jiang, L. (2023). Study on Urban Expansion and Population Density Changes Based on the Inverse S-Shaped Function. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su151310464"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2019.102272","article-title":"The Use of Edible Insect Proteins in Food: Challenges and Issues Related to Their Functional Properties","volume":"59","author":"Gravel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mshayisa, V.V., Van Wyk, J., and Zozo, B. (2022). 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