{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:37:57Z","timestamp":1760060277272,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cFondo de Investigaci\u00f3n del Bosque Nativo\u201d from \u201cCorporaci\u00f3n Nacional Forestal\u201d (FIBN-CONAF)","award":["FIBN 021\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIBN 021\/2018"]}]},{"name":"\u201cManejo sostenible de Proholopterus chilensis mediante la identificaci\u00f3n y uso de semioqu\u00edmicos y t\u00e9cnicas silv\u00edcolas en Roble-Raul\u00ed-Coihue\u201d","award":["FIBN 021\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIBN 021\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Institutional Excellence Stimulus Program (PEEI) of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Chile","award":["FIBN 021\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIBN 021\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pre-courtship behavior of Proholopterus chilensis on Nothofagus obliqua trees was recorded for the first time, documenting a putative female \u201ccalling\u201d behavior and the consequent male \u201coriented search,\u201d enabling the description of behavioral units, sequences, frequencies, and degrees of stereotypy. Post-resting activity in both sexes began with walking and grooming during the first hour of the scotophase, following a period of daytime inactivity. Subsequently, females extended their ovipositor both horizontally and vertically, alternating between contact with the tree substrate and, simultaneously, walking the surface (=putative calling behavior), while males became active, extending their antennae perpendicularly to the longitudinal body axis. In response to the putative call, males exhibited oriented flight and hasty walking that followed the trajectory and direction previously taken by females on the substrate, ultimately leading to their location. Statistical analysis of behavioral sequences and the stereotypy index indicated that both behaviors were non-random and partially stereotyped. These findings are consistent with previous chemical analyses of female aerations and terminalia performed by our research group, which identified semiochemicals likely functioning as long-range sex pheromones guiding males to the vicinity of the female\u2019s tree, as well as potential trail pheromones facilitating close-range localization. This dual signaling system seems necessary to the high mobility displayed by females during calling behavior, characterized by frequent and extended bidirectional vertical walks along the trunk, which may enhance signal dispersal and\/or reduce predation risk. If confirmed, this would represent a novel sexual encounter mechanism within Cerambycidae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16080847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T16:09:55Z","timestamp":1755274195000},"page":"847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pre-Courtship Behavior of Proholopterus chilensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in a Nothofagus obliqua (Nothofagaceae) Forest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Diego","family":"Arraztio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Cs. Silvo-Agropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1142-4186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservaci\u00f3n de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Rebolledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Americo","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agron\u00f3micas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3403-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomislav","family":"Curkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Agron\u00f3micas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews, R.W., and Matthews, J.R. 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