{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:10:21Z","timestamp":1788333021977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rutgers Center for Turfgrass Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby), is a significant pest of short-mown turfgrass in eastern North America. Proper monitoring of this pest may reduce insecticide applications. We investigated the extraction rate and labor involved in modifications of the two currently available methods for sampling ABW larvae: submersion of turf cores in saturated saline solution and heat extraction of cores on modified Berlese funnels. Using 5.7 cm diameter cores, submersion extracted 1.8\u00d7 more larvae in saline solution than in water. Among the salt extraction variants, splitting the cores into four pieces before submersion was the best compromise between extraction rate and time requirement. Using intact cores extracted 40% fewer larvae while taking 18% less time, whereas destructive searching cores before submersion extracted 24% more larvae but required 64% more time. Using smaller cores (3.5 cm diam) took 18% less time and extracted 23% more larvae, but required more time sampling in the field. Larval stage averages did not differ significantly between salt extraction variants. Heat extraction, including destructively searching the desiccated core, extracted 60% more larvae but required 87% more time than four-piece salt extraction. Excluding the desiccated core, heat extracted as many larvae as four-piece salt extraction and required 16% less time. However, heat extraction requires three to four days and space that can be kept at around 32 \u00b0C. The method of choice for ABW larval extractions depends on whether the sampler prefers a high extraction rate, less labor, or quicker results, and whether space for heat extractions is available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16090986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T13:04:44Z","timestamp":1758546284000},"page":"986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Improvement and Quantification of Extraction Methods for Annual Bluegrass Weevil Larval Populations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9212-8359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albrecht M.","family":"Koppenh\u00f6fer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga S.","family":"Kostromytska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0877-5359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luiza","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 96 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Potter, D.A. (1998). Destructive Turfgrass Insects: Biology, Diagnosis, and Control, Ann Arbor Press."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120710-100542","article-title":"Prospects for managing turfgrass pests with reduced chemical inputs","volume":"57","author":"Held","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pessarakli, M. (2007). Biology and management of the annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Handbook of Turfgrass Management and Physiology, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420006483-33"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vittum, P.J. (2020). Annual bluegrass weevil. Turfgrass Insects of the United States and Canada, Cornell University Press.","DOI":"10.7591\/cornell\/9781501747953.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1603\/029.102.0150","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance in populations of Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from southern New England golf courses","volume":"102","author":"Ramoutar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmw014","article-title":"A survey of regional trends in annual bluegrass weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) man-agement on golf courses in Eastern North America","volume":"8","author":"McGraw","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Integr. 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Entomol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1603\/029.102.0345","article-title":"Pyrethroid resistance mediated by enzyme detoxification in Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Connecticut","volume":"102","author":"Ramoutar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, A.L., Kostromytska, O., Wu, S., and Koppenh\u00f6fer, A.M. (2023). Optimizing sampling technique parameters for increased precision and practicality of annual bluegrass weevil population monitoring. Insects, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14060509"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2019.104888","article-title":"Variable effect of larval stage on the efficacy of insecticides against Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations with different levels of pyrethroid resistance","volume":"125","author":"McGraw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crop Prot."}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/16\/9\/986\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:46:49Z","timestamp":1760035609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/16\/9\/986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["insects16090986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects16090986","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]}}}