{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:08:54Z","timestamp":1791468534568,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32472317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32472317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82261128003\/2022YFML1001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82261128003\/2022YFML1001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2022B1111030002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B1111030002"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Medical University high-level Talents Startup Funding","award":["XRCZX2020016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XRCZX2020016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oviposition attractants can enhance both the surveillance and control of container-breeding Aedes mosquitoes. Although green tea has been reported to attract Ae. aegypti, the specific bioactive botanical compounds responsible remain unidentified. We evaluated teas across fermentation stages (non-fermented, fully fermented, and post-fermented) at 5 g\/L for gravid Ae. albopictus using dual-choice assays. The most attractive tea (Liu-pao) was further tested across concentrations (0.5\u20135 g\/L) and infusion ages (1\u201328 days). Autoclaved vs. non-autoclaved infusions assessed microbial contributions, while headspace volatiles were analyzed via HS-SPME-GC-MS. Individual compounds (cedrol and linalool oxide) were bioassayed. Only Liu-pao tea consistently attracted Ae. albopictus (OAI \u2265 0.3), peaking at 5 g\/L after 7\u201314 days (OAIs 0.73\/0.67). A 0.5 g\/L infusion aged 21\u201328 days also attracted Ae. aegypti (OAIs 0.89\/0.63). Autoclaving did not reduce attraction, confirming volatile compounds, not live microbe-mediated effects. Cedrol (1 mg\/L) elicited moderate attraction (OAI 0.29) in Ae. albopictus, while linalool oxide was inactive. Post-fermented Liu-pao tea acts as a potent botanical attractant for Aedes mosquitoes. Cedrol contributes partially, but whole tea infusions outperform single compounds. These findings support developing multi-volatile \u201cattract-and-kill\u201d strategies targeting gravid mosquitoes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16101065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T14:29:17Z","timestamp":1760711357000},"page":"1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Liu-pao Tea as a Source of Botanical Oviposition Attractants for Aedes Mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Li-Hua","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"},{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Qiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Gu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Guang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-025-02099-6","article-title":"Environmental yeasts differentially impact the development and oviposition behavior of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus","volume":"13","author":"Vallon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tju024","article-title":"Chemosensory Cues for Mosquito Oviposition Site Selection","volume":"52","author":"Afify","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med Entomol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06452-w","article-title":"Gustatory receptor 11 is involved in detecting the oviposition water of Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandel, K., Suman, D.S., Wang, Y., Unlu, I., Williges, E., Williams, G.M., and Gaugler, R. (2016). Targeting a Hidden Enemy: Pyriproxyfen Autodissemination Strategy for the Control of the Container Mosquito Aedes albopictus in Cryptic Habitats. PLOS Neglected Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005235"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04939-4","article-title":"Grass-like plants release general volatile cues attractive for gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquitoes","volume":"14","author":"Getachew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1536-7","article-title":"Cedrol, a malaria mosquito oviposition attractant is produced by fungi isolated from rhizomes of the grass Cyperus rotundus","volume":"15","author":"Eneh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9262","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802505105","article-title":"Identification of bacteria and bacteria-associated chemical cues that mediate oviposition site preferences by Aedes aegypti","volume":"105","author":"Ponnusamy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1068-y","article-title":"Oviposition responses of Aedes mosquitoes to bacterial isolates from attractive bamboo infusions","volume":"8","author":"Ponnusamy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girard, M., Martin, E., Vallon, L., Raquin, V., Bellet, C., Rozier, Y., Desouhant, E., Hay, A.-E., Luis, P., and Moro, C.V. (2021). Microorganisms Associated with Mosquito Oviposition Sites: Implications for Habitat Selection and Insect Life Histories. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202106.0504.v1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.6.841","article-title":"Role of Bacteria in Mediating the Oviposition Responses of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"40","author":"Trexler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med Entomol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-200","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a novel contamination device that targets multiple life-stages of Aedes aegypti","volume":"7","author":"Snetselaar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.100731","article-title":"Study on taste quality formation and leaf conducting tissue changes in six types of tea during their manufacturing processes","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-010-9806-2","article-title":"Oviposition Responses of the Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to Experimental Plant Infusions in Laboratory Bioassays","volume":"36","author":"Ponnusamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"93","article-title":"Microbial diversity of Guangxi Liubao and Chongqing Bowl teas","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Tea Sin."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"216","article-title":"Chemical Changes of Different Kinds of Tea with the Processing","volume":"41","author":"Xin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"82","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of the Aroma Components in Five Kinds of Dark Tea","volume":"39","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10038","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9019522","article-title":"FiehnLib: Mass Spectral and Retention Index Libraries for Metabolomics Based on Quadrupole and Time-of-Flight Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry","volume":"81","author":"Kind","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0636-0","article-title":"Discovery of an oviposition attractant for gravid malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae species complex","volume":"14","author":"Lindh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, H., Akhtar, N., and Gupta, S.K. (2024). Biology of Mosquitoes. Mosquitoes: Biology, Pathogenicity and Management, Springer Nature Singapore.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-4163-2_5"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06361-y","article-title":"Effectiveness of mass trapping interventions using autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGO) for the control of the dengue vector, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, in Northern Mexico","volume":"17","author":"Hamer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/16\/10\/1065\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T04:15:46Z","timestamp":1760847346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/16\/10\/1065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["insects16101065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects16101065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]}}}