{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:08Z","timestamp":1787028608325,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bayer Crop Science-Mexico"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spodoptera frugiperda is a key pest in Latin America, capable of causing significant economic losses if management is not timely. Estimation of economic thresholds adapted to local conditions and specific varieties is essential to optimizing control and reducing unnecessary use of insecticides. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic threshold of S. frugiperda in short stature maize, Delf\u00edn variety, under field conditions in northern Sinaloa, Mexico. We set up seven treatments with different levels of artificial infestation (0\u201325%), plus a regional control, in a completely random design. We evaluated the percentage of damaged plants, with an estimated loss of 32.515 kg\/ha for each 1% of damage. Considering a US $325 t\u22121 price of maize and US $127 ha\u22121 cost of control, we determined an economic threshold of 12.05% damaged plants. This value is a practical tool for better decision-making in S. frugiperda management in Delf\u00edn variety maize. We recommend validation in different agroecological contexts and growing seasons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16121219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T09:34:37Z","timestamp":1764581677000},"page":"1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Estimation of the Economic Threshold for the Fall Army Worm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Short Stature Maize, Variety Delf\u00edn"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"Bautista-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera M\u00e9xico-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera M\u00e9xico-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0111-3683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Everardo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Agricultura del Valle del Fuerte, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Sinaloa, Ahome 81110, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Santos-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Bayer de M\u00e9xico S.A. de C.V., Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11520, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2863-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauro","family":"Soto-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera M\u00e9xico-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Job Alfonso","family":"L\u00f3pez de Santana-Pimienta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera M\u00e9xico-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s41348-023-00777-x","article-title":"The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Africa and Asia: Responding to the food security challenge, with priorities for integrated pest management research","volume":"130","author":"Mendesil","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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