{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T18:58:22Z","timestamp":1776970702038,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["031B0731A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["031B0731A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fast-running flies (Diptera: Hybotidae) play an important role as predators in agricultural landscapes. This semi-field study examined the effects of pesticides on Hybotidae communities and their role in natural pest control in three winter wheat management systems (organic, conventional, and hybrid (no chemical synthetic pesticides with optimized use of nitrogen fertilizers)) in Brandenburg, Germany. To evaluate the impact of management practices, sweep netting and eclector trapping were carried out over three years (2020\u20132022) at the plot scale. Hybotidae abundance fluctuated across the management systems and collection methods, with no consistent trend linked to pesticide use. However, an increase in the abundance of Hybotidae in 2022, especially in eclector trapping, indicated that year-to-year fluctuations were pronounced and likely driven by environmental factors, such as climate and soil moisture, rather than management practices. The community structure showed a high degree of similarity among all management systems, but species diversity displayed pronounced interannual variation, suggesting complex ecological interactions. Sweep netting collections indicated positive predator\u2013prey associations in every management system, pointing to a generally stable trophic structure. The study also demonstrates that using multiple insect collection methods is crucial for accurately assessing insect diversity and abundance. Further research is needed to fully understand species diversity, predator\u2013prey dynamics, and their implications for sustainable agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16121263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T09:37:48Z","timestamp":1765532268000},"page":"1263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Community Composition of Predatory Hybotidae (Diptera: Empidoidea) in Winter Wheat Management Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Gitzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany"},{"name":"Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Kampen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentralmagazin Naturwissenschaftlicher Sammlungen, Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany"},{"name":"Senckenberg German Entomological Institution, 15374 M\u00fcncheberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Sellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca Marie","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8678-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ulrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, 15374 M\u00fcncheberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"K\u00fchne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5690","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012675108","article-title":"Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life","volume":"108","author":"Wiegmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. 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