{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:04:34Z","timestamp":1771607074414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation 2030- \u201cAgricultural Biological Breeding\u201d","award":["2023ZD04062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD04062"]}]},{"name":"External Cooperation Project of Fujian Province","award":["2024I0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024I0007"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2025N0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025N0076"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Science Foundation from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","award":["KFB25083A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFB25083A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (St\u00e5l.) (Hemiptera: Delphinidae), is one of the most destructive pests of rice. Its reproductive and developmental traits are influenced by various environmental and biological factors including endosymbiotic microorganisms. Arsenophonus, a widespread endosymbiotic bacterium of insects, can affect host fitness and metabolic processes. This study investigates the role of Arsenophonus in modulating the developmental and reproductive traits of N. lugens fed on transgenic cry30Fa1 rice (KF30-14) and its parent variety Minghui 86 (MH86). Life table analysis revealed that Arsenophonus infection (Ars+) increased the development time and reduced the reproductive capacity of N. lugens, especially those feeding on KF30-14. The first-instar nymphs in MH86 Ars+ (infected) exhibited slower development compared to MH86 Ars\u2212 (uninfected). Similarly, the third and fourth-instar nymphs in KF30-14 Ars+ exhibited prolonged development time compared to KF30-14 Ars\u2212. In addition, KF30-14 Ars+ females had significantly reduced reproductive capacity, smaller ovarian tubules and lower relative expression levels of reproduction-related genes including Trehalose transporter (Tret), Vitellogenin (Vg) and Cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (cyp314a1), while Juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) expression was upregulated. RNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of genes involved in lipid, amino acid, and vitamin metabolisms, with Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase implicated as a key regulator of lipid metabolism and reproductive fitness. These results highlight the complex interactions between endosymbionts, host plants and pest biology, offering a solid foundation for sustainable approaches to control N. lugens in rice production systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17020222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:57:11Z","timestamp":1771603031000},"page":"222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental and Reproductive Impacts of Arsenophonus Symbiont on the Population of Nilaparvata lugens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qian-Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Hui\u2019an Carrot Science and Technology Courtyard, China Rural Special Technology Association, Quanzhou 362100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salah M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Department of Pesticide & Toxicology, Faculty of Agricultural science, University of Gezira, Wad Madani 21111, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Le","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Hui\u2019an Carrot Science and Technology Courtyard, China Rural Special Technology Association, Quanzhou 362100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Mao","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Hui\u2019an Carrot Science and Technology Courtyard, China Rural Special Technology Association, Quanzhou 362100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adams","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Zhen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"International Joint Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Green Control of Insect Pests of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Hui\u2019an Carrot Science and Technology Courtyard, China Rural Special Technology Association, Quanzhou 362100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1641","article-title":"Species-specific insecticide resistance to imidacloprid and fipronil in the rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera in East and South-east Asia","volume":"64","author":"Matsumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pest Manag. 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