{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:19:21Z","timestamp":1791875961015,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Investigation and Monitoring Project of Agricultural Alien Invasive Species of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["13230120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13230120"]}]},{"name":"the Key Investigation and Monitoring Project of Agricultural Alien Invasive Species of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["019240117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["019240117"]}]},{"name":"the Key Investigation and Monitoring Project of Agricultural Alien Invasive Species of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["019250094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["019250094"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zeugodacus tau (Walker) is a major invasive pest that targets cucurbitaceous plants and other economically significant crops, causing substantial yield and quality losses. The pest\u2019s method of infesting the fruit, however, limits the efficacy of conventional chemical control strategies. This study comprehensively evaluates the insecticidal efficacy of seven insecticides from two key classes\u2014macrolides and neonicotinoids\u2014against various developmental stages of Z. tau. Additionally, it investigates the distribution and degradation patterns of pesticide residues on sponge gourd. Laboratory toxicity tests showed notable differences in sensitivity among the three pest stages. Larvae were the most sensitive to insecticides, followed by adults, with eggs being relatively resistant. Four macrolide insecticides showed high activity against both adults and larvae, while three neonicotinoids displayed low activity against eggs, larvae, and adults of Z. tau. Field residue trials using common recommended dosages demonstrated rapid degradation of pesticide residues on sponge gourd, with residue levels dropping below the national maximum residue limits (MRLs) within 2 to 24 h after application. Further results indicated that pesticide residues accumulated mainly on the peel, with low or undetectable levels in the flesh. Among the macrolide insecticides, residues were nearly undetectable, whereas neonicotinoids, due to their systemic nature, sometimes showed trace residues in the fruit flesh. Oviposition hole measurements revealed an average depth of 0.57 \u00b1 0.29 cm, just beneath the skin, with the hole\u2019s structure effectively protecting the eggs laid by females. Based on the comprehensive analysis of insecticide toxicity and residue degradation, control strategies should primarily target adults. Macrolide insecticides, which have low residue risks and high efficacy against both adults and larvae, are recommended as the preferred option for management. This study, considering the unique damage characteristics of Z. tau, offers valuable insights into chemical control strategies, focusing on insecticide sensitivity at different life stages, residue distribution, and degradation, providing important references for the scientific use of pesticides and the optimization of pest management approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17030242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:33:02Z","timestamp":1772101982000},"page":"242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Macrolide and Neonicotinoid Insecticides Against Zeugodacus tau (Walker) and Their Residue Dissipation Dynamics in Luffa cylindrica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Characteristic Resource Utilization in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqian","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hina","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulu","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingzhe","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Characteristic Resource Utilization in Southwest Anhui, School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.01.007","article-title":"Higher Phylogeny of Frugivorous Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini): Localised Partition Conflicts and a Novel Generic Classification","volume":"85","author":"Virgilio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. 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