{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:08:11Z","timestamp":1791266891301,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":274,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mosquito-borne diseases are an emerging public health challenge in Europe, driven by the spread of invasive mosquito species capable of sustaining outbreaks of tropical arboviral diseases. Rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, human-driven habitat changes, and prolonged transmission seasons have increased the risk of dengue, chikungunya, and West Nile virus outbreaks, among other vector-borne diseases. Effective control requires a multifaceted approach, combining traditional and novel methods with advanced surveillance technologies and community involvement. However, growing insecticide resistance and concerns about insecticide use highlight the need for more prudent management of current tools and the development of innovative alternatives. Genetic control strategies, including the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), Wolbachia-based approaches, and genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes, offer promising solutions but still face scientific, regulatory, and societal challenges. This review explores the current landscape of mosquito-borne disease control in Mediterranean Europe, emphasizing key challenges and emerging solutions. An integrated approach that strengthens surveillance, promotes sustainable control methods, and incorporates novel biotechnological tools supported by smart technologies will be essential to reduce the future burden of mosquito-borne diseases in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17030254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:52:38Z","timestamp":1772207558000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Present and Future of Mosquito-Borne Disease Control in Europe with a Specific Focus on the Mediterranean"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Cholvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Parasitology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1654-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Sustainability, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), 00123 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6704-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Costa","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research Doutor Francisco Cambournac (CEVDI), National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 2965-575 Palmela, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Environmental Health Institute (ISAMB), University of Lisbon, Av. 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Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5210-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Kavran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Centre of Excellence One Health Vectors and Climate, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology, University of Novi Sad, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Michaelakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Insects & Parasites of Medical Importance, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561 Kifissia, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avgoustinos S.","family":"Stephanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, 1148 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana P.","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, 1148 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2892-8583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angeliki F.","family":"Martinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARE-C, The Cyprus Institute, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vector Ecology and Applied Entomology, Joint Services Health Unit, British Forces Cyprus, RAF Akrotiri, BFPO57 Akrotiri, Cyprus"},{"name":"Enalia Physis Environmental Research Centre, 2101 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Roiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: \u00c9cologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, \u00c9volution et Contr\u00f4le), Universit\u00e9 Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"SaBio Group, IREC (UCLM-CSIC-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7234-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Calvitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Sustainability, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), 00123 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4898-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Bueno-Mar\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Parasitology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Lok\u00edmica Laboratories, 46980 Paterna, Spain"},{"name":"Research and Development Department, Rentokil-Initial Spain, San Fernando de Henares, 28830 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Copernicus Climate Change Service (2025, December 26). 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