{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T11:51:53Z","timestamp":1772711513692,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proximate visual cues play a crucial role for flies (Order: Diptera) in locating suitable foraging and oviposition sites. This study examined the behavioural responses of two sheep myiasis-causing blowfly species in Australia, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), to six different reflectance levels of green and yellow hues. Both species were influenced primarily by reflectance intensity and proximity to the light source. Lucilia cuprina displayed a nonsignificant preference for moderate yellow (p = 0.25), whereas Ch. rufifacies showed a significant attraction to moderate green (p = 0.004) when presented with a two-choice comparison between moderate green and yellow. When exposed to three reflectance levels under each hue, both species responded most strongly to mid-range intensities in green but not yellow, with no significant differences observed among light and dark shades (p &gt; 0.05). Zonal analyses revealed a significant aggregation of individuals near the light source (Zone C; p &lt; 0.05), indicating that spatial orientation cues may be stronger determinants of attraction. Overall, L. cuprina was more responsive to moderate yellow and Ch. rufifacies to moderate green, but both species were predominantly guided by light-related spatial and intensity cues. These findings provide valuable insight into the visual ecology of blowflies and may be useful in optimising colour and reflectance parameters in the design of future commercial fly traps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17030283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:31:14Z","timestamp":1772706674000},"page":"283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comparative Analysis of the Responses of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macqart) (Calliphoridae) to Different Reflectance Levels of Green and Yellow Light Hues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5084-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tharindu B.","family":"Bambaradeniya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7822-8126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola A.","family":"Magni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7527-4936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian R.","family":"Dadour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical, Molecular & Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"},{"name":"Source Certain, Wangara, P.O. Box 1570, Wangara, WA 6947, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-013-0219-x","article-title":"Insect reactions to light and its applications to pest management","volume":"48","author":"Shimoda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2022.109853","article-title":"Traumatic sheep myiasis: A review of the current understanding","volume":"314","author":"Bambaradeniya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160229","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.160229","article-title":"A decision underlies phototaxis in an insect","volume":"6","author":"Gorostiza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00613837","article-title":"The dynamics of learning in the honey bee (Apis mellifica carnica). I. The time dependence of the choice reaction","volume":"99","author":"Erber","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Effects of cold stress on the circadian locomotor activity of blowflies (Calliphora vicina)","volume":"49","author":"Cymborowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-014-0895-1","article-title":"Visual ecology of flies with particular reference to colour vision and colour preferences","volume":"200","author":"Lunau","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70408-6_1","article-title":"Functional organization of the fly retina","volume":"5","author":"Hardie","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prog. Sens. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00190210","article-title":"Learning and discrimination of coloured papers in the walking blowfly Lucilia cuprina","volume":"166","author":"Fukushi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00736.x","article-title":"Colour discrimination by the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata","volume":"10","author":"Wall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.12238","article-title":"Bimodal cue complex signifies suitable oviposition sites to gravid females of the common green bottle fly","volume":"153","author":"Brodie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brodie, B.S., Smith, M.A., Lawrence, J., and Gries, G. (2015). Effects of floral scent, color, and pollen on foraging decisions and oocyte development of common green bottle flies. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145055"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Sun, D.W. (2010). Colour measurements and modeling. Nondestructive Evaluation of Food Quality: Theory and Practice, Springer."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"AHA (2017). Old World Screw-Worm Fly: A Diagnostic Manual, Animal Health Australia. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/saac023","article-title":"Current status of five warm-season Diptera species in estimating the post-mortem interval","volume":"116","author":"Bambaradeniya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0939-y","article-title":"Ommatidia of blow fly, house fly, and flesh fly: Implication of their vision efficiency","volume":"103","author":"Sukontason","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Munsell Color Science Laboratory Munsell Book of Color, Rochester Institute of Technology."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2026, January 12). ColorMine\u00ae. ColorMine\u00ae Software. Available online: https:\/\/colormine.org."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa254","article-title":"Optimizing a dual-choice cube olfactometer design for measuring adult secondary screw-worm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) attraction to a resource","volume":"58","author":"Flint","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eichorn, C., Hrabar, M., Van Ryn, E.C., Brodie, B.S., Blake, A.J., and Gries, G. (2017). How flies are flirting on the fly. BMC Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-016-0342-6"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(90)90152-6","article-title":"Colour discrimination from various shades of grey in the trained blowfly Lucilia cuprina","volume":"36","author":"Fukushi","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/17\/3\/283\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:52:02Z","timestamp":1772707922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/17\/3\/283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["insects17030283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects17030283","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]}}}