{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:55:40Z","timestamp":1773273340863,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008784","name":"Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIC-027-2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIC-027-2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008784","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of beekeeping in Ecuador has generated the need to strengthen the bee health program. Research on the main pathogens responsible for diseases like nosemosis, which can severely impact bee health, is of special interest. This study aims to identify the Nosema apis and\/or Nosema ceranae species infecting honey bee colonies located in the northern Andean region of Ecuador using multiplex PCR targeting the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB1), and the phylogenetic analysis of N. ceranae based on the 16 S rRNA gene sequences. Among the 164 honey bee samples collected from colonies in the provinces of Carchi, Imbabura, and Pichincha, the prevalence of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae was 14.63% and 21.34%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that N. ceranae from Ecuador is closely related to the sequences from Argentina and Brazil. These findings provide the first molecular confirmation of N. ceranae in Ecuador and support the need for molecular monitoring of honey bee pathogens in the region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17030302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:00:37Z","timestamp":1773219637000},"page":"302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First Molecular Detection and Characterization of Nosema ceranae in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) from the Northern Highlands of Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dayana","family":"Sandoval-Morej\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"},{"name":"Centro de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170515, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Cholota-Iza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marbel","family":"Torres-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda y Virolog\u00eda, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"},{"name":"Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3664-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Ant\u00fanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0846-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Reyna-Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Fuentes-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Mejoramiento Gen\u00e9tico y Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Saegerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULi\u00e8ge), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Department of Infections and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8468-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Martin-Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Ron-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Mejoramiento Gen\u00e9tico y Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Humana (GISAH), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed 171103, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Agrocalidad (2016). 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