{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T11:50:05Z","timestamp":1775044205422,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinosad, Saccharopolyspora spinosa, is widely used as a stored product protectant. However, its efficacy against the hide beetle Dermestes maculatus DeGeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), a major pest of dried animal-based materials, remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluated the contact and oral toxicities of spinosad across a range of concentrations applied directly to animal-derived substrates. Larval and adult mortality, along with probit parameters, were determined to assess susceptibility. Spinosad produced significant mortality in both life stages, with larvae exhibiting higher susceptibility under contact exposure, whereas adults showed increased susceptibility under feeding exposure. These patterns are consistent with prior reports of spinosad\u2019s dual-action toxicity against stored-product pests. The larval contact and adult feeding exposures to spinosad were positively associated with higher doses, while adult contact and larval food exposures aligned with lower doses. The larval contact and adult ingestion routes drive the strongest toxic responses, whereas adult contact and larval feeding elicit weaker effects under the same doses. Overall, our results highlight spinosad as a promising tool for integrated pest management of hide beetles in animal-based storage systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17040375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:09:21Z","timestamp":1775038161000},"page":"375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insecticidal Evaluation of Spinosad Against the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6727-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shakila Khatun","family":"Bristy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science and Technology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6596-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Nadim","family":"Aktar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science and Technology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9193-1795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ataul","family":"Ahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science and Technology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9638-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Saiful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop Science and Technology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5359-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Agrafioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6578-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos G.","family":"Athanassiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Mahbub","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2020.101635","article-title":"Biology and management of the red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes DeGeer (Coleoptera: Cleridae)","volume":"88","author":"Hasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Stored Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Hagstrum, D.W., and Subramanyam, B. (2009). 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