{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T04:52:46Z","timestamp":1775451166736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Sul-Mato-Grossense de Produtores and Consumidores de Florestas Plantadas","award":["Projeto 86: CTR 01\/2023\/UFGD\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Projeto 86: CTR 01\/2023\/UFGD\/"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parasitoid wasps play a fundamental role in the biological control of pests. However, their morphological identification may be limited due to their small size and the high morphological similarity between species. Our objective was to identify specific genomic variants of the target species Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare &amp; LaSalle, 1993, Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893), Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian &amp; Margabandhu, 1942, and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879, (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) by whole-genomic sequencing. Parasitoids were collected from their hosts and established in the laboratory after adult emergence. A sample of each parasitoid was sent to the Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas at Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo (UFES) and \u201cOscar Monte\u201d Entomophagous Insect Collection for morphological identification. Subsequently, samples composed of 20 individuals were preserved in absolute ethanol for DNA extraction. The DNA was extracted, quantified and sequenced on the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. Bioinformatic tools were used for quality control, detection of specific genomic variants, principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine (SVM). Genomic sequencing generated high-quality data for the analyzed parasitoids, allowing the identification of four specific variants for P. elaeisis, two for Te. howardi, four for Ts. diatraeae and five for Tg. pretiosum. These results provide a precise molecular tool for distinguishing parasitoids used in biological control programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17040395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T03:11:28Z","timestamp":1775445088000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Identification of Palmistichus elaeisis, Tetrastichus howardi, Trichospilus diatraeae and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)\u2014Important Biocontrol Agents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8109-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabella de Lima","family":"Palombo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados\/Itahum, Km 12, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1638-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabricio Fagundes","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados\/Itahum, Km 12, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Pessoa","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados\/Itahum, Km 12, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1892-8029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik Luiz","family":"Pastori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados\/Itahum, Km 12, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex Polatto","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados\/Itahum, Km 12, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3686-7338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Renata","family":"da Silva Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Agropartners Consulting, Centro, Ara\u00e7atuba 16010-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-5621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Vieira","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Agropartners Consulting, Centro, Ara\u00e7atuba 16010-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2077-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria Perez","family":"Obrien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Agropartners Consulting, Centro, Ara\u00e7atuba 16010-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia Iana","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Agropartners Consulting, Centro, Ara\u00e7atuba 16010-220, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Reinier Garcia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Empresa Sist\u00eamica Kov\u00ea Ltda., Rodovia Dourados\/Itahum, Km 12, Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0768-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Teixeira","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29043-900, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2015.06.007","article-title":"Parasitoid learning: Current knowledge and implications for biological control","volume":"90","author":"Giunti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. 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