{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:04:15Z","timestamp":1785420255273,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32301770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32301770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["32301770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32301770"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shennong Laboratory","award":["SN01-2022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SN01-2022-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sorghi), a phloem-feeding insect pest, causes severe economic losses in sorghum-producing regions worldwide. During feeding, aphids secrete salivary proteins with potential effector functions that play pivotal roles in plant\u2013insect interactions. However, relatively few secreted proteins and effectors have been characterized in M. sorghi. In this study, proteomic analysis of aphid-infested sorghum leaves identified 69 putative aphid-derived proteins. Bioinformatic analyses were subsequently used to predict signal peptides within these proteins. Among the five candidates with signal peptides, MsSP1 was further confirmed to be delivered into sorghum tissues during aphid feeding by immunoblotting using a specific anti-MsSP1 antibody. Functional characterization revealed that silencing the MsSP1 gene in aphids by RNAi interference significantly reduced aphid fitness on sorghum. Moreover, transient expression of MsSP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed cryptogein-induced cell death and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, indicating that MsSP1 interferes with plant immune responses. Collectively, these results suggest that MsSP1 may act as a virulence effector that enhances aphid performance while suppressing host defense. This study expands current knowledge of plant\u2013aphid interactions and provides new insights that may facilitate the development of sustainable pest-management strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17080779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T13:07:33Z","timestamp":1785244053000},"page":"779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification and Functional Analysis of Candidate Effectors in the Sorghum Aphid, Melanaphis sorghi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yongbang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4741-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yating","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingjie","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4205-5540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daowen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1454-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8291","article-title":"Melanaphis sacchari\/sorghi complex: Current status, challenges and integrated strategies for managing the invasive sap-feeding insect pest of sorghum","volume":"81","author":"Vasquez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00181.x","article-title":"Aphid saliva","volume":"74","author":"Miles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"843","article-title":"Roles of insect salivary components in insect-plant interactions","volume":"49","author":"Yin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Entomol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj088","article-title":"Salivary secretions by aphids interacting with proteins of phloem wound responses","volume":"57","author":"Tjallingii","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2011.05.003","article-title":"Effector proteins that modulate plant--insect interactions","volume":"14","author":"Hogenhout","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703535104","article-title":"Molecular sabotage of plant defense by aphid saliva","volume":"104","author":"Will","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Advances in aphid salivary protein research","volume":"62","author":"Shang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Entomol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12911","article-title":"Unlocking agro-ecosystem sustainability: Exploring the bottom-up effects of microbes, plants, and insect herbivores","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Integr. Zool."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-05-18-0122-R","article-title":"Secretome analysis and in planta expression of salivary proteins identify candidate effectors from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens","volume":"32","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-01-14-0018-R","article-title":"Suppression of plant defenses by a Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) salivary effector protein","volume":"27","author":"Elzinga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.05.047","article-title":"A secreted MIF cytokine enables aphid feeding and represses plant immune responses","volume":"25","author":"Naessens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-07-12-0172-FI","article-title":"Aphid protein effectors promote aphid colonization in a plant species-specific manner","volume":"26","author":"Pitino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.01458","article-title":"An aphid effector targets trafficking protein VPS52 in a host-specific manner to promote virulence","volume":"173","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8919","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1407687111","article-title":"GroEL from the endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola betrays the aphid by triggering plant defense","volume":"111","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.114.235598","article-title":"The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 and the cytochrome P450 PHYTIALEXIN DEFICIENT3 contribute to innate immunity to aphids in Arabidopsis","volume":"164","author":"Prince","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.17.00136","article-title":"Interplay of plasma membrane and vacuolar ion channels, together with BAK1, elicits rapid cytosolic calcium elevations in Arabidopsis during aphid feeding","volume":"29","author":"Vincent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9965","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708958105","article-title":"A protein from the salivary glands of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is essential in feeding on a host plant","volume":"105","author":"Mutti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bos, J.I.B., Prince, D., Pitino, M., Maffei, M.E., Win, J., and Hogenhout, S.A. (2010). A functional genomics approach identifies candidate effectors from the aphid species Myzus persicae (green peach aphid). PLoS Genet., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001216"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-06-12-0144-FI","article-title":"In planta expression or delivery of potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae effectors Mel0 and Me23 enhances aphid fecundity","volume":"26","author":"Atamian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13383","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb46120798","article-title":"A comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomics analysis of candidate secretory proteins in rose grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker)","volume":"46","author":"Gebrekidan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12061","article-title":"Comparative analyses of salivary proteins from three aphid species","volume":"23","author":"Vandermoten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"100740","article-title":"Transcriptomic changes in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum: Effects of the seasonal timer and photoperiod","volume":"36","author":"Matsuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Phys. D"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, M., Oraon, P.K., Srivastava, R., Chongtham, R., Goel, S., Agarwal, M., and Jagannath, A. (2024). Comparative transcriptomics of a generalist aphid, Myzus persicae and a specialist aphid, Lipaphis erysimi reveals molecular signatures associated with diversity of their feeding behaviour and other attributes. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1415628"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1021\/pr100881q","article-title":"Predicted effector molecules in the salivary secretome of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum): A dual transcriptomic\/proteomic approach","volume":"10","author":"Carolan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8798","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b03141","article-title":"Watery saliva secreted by the grain aphid Sitobion auenae stimulates aphid resistance in wheat","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evy097","article-title":"Fast evolution and lineage-specific gene family expansions of aphid salivary effectors driven by interactions with host-plants","volume":"10","author":"Boulain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, C., He, X., Xia, L., Wei, K., Niu, Y., and Han, B. (2024). Proteomic analysis of salivary secretions from the Tea Green Leafhopper, Empoasca flavescens Fabrecius. Insects, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15040296"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1021\/pr501128k","article-title":"Potato aphid salivary proteome: Enhanced salivation using resorcinol and identification of aphid phosphoproteins","volume":"14","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15475","article-title":"Aphid effector Me10 interacts with tomato TFT7, a 14-3-3 isoform involved in aphid resistance","volume":"221","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evy183","article-title":"Shared transcriptional control and disparate gain and loss of aphid parasitism genes","volume":"10","author":"Thorpe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eraa043","article-title":"An aphid effector promotes barley susceptibility through suppression of defence gene expression","volume":"71","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2023.101038","article-title":"Monocot crop-aphid interactions: Plant resilience and aphid adaptation","volume":"57","author":"Mou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmw011","article-title":"Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae): A New Pest on Sorghum in North America","volume":"7","author":"Bowling","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Integr. Pest Manag."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.20.00018","article-title":"PLANT NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE A and its putative receptor PNP-R2 antagonize salicylic acid-mediated signaling and cell death","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2004.02219.x","article-title":"Visualization of protein interactions in living plant cells using bimolecular fluorescence complementation","volume":"40","author":"Walter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12890","article-title":"Rice copine genes OsBON1 and OsBON3 function as suppressors of broad-spectrum disease resistance","volume":"16","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2009.09.007","article-title":"Ingested double-stranded RNAs can act as species-specific insecticides","volume":"39","author":"Whyard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Zhou, Y., Wang, H., Jones, H., Gao, Q., Wang, D., Ma, Y., and Xia, L. (2013). Identifying potential RNAi targets in grain aphid Sitobion avenae F. based on transcriptome profiling of its alimentary canal after feeding on wheat plants. BMC Genom., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-560"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00755","article-title":"A mucin-like protein of planthopper is required for feeding and induces immunity response in plants","volume":"176","author":"Shangguan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2018.06.003","article-title":"A comprehensive review of signal peptides: Structure, roles, and applications","volume":"97","author":"Owji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Bel, A.J., and Will, T. (2016). Functional evaluation of proteins in watery and gel saliva of aphids. Front. Plant Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.01840"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2023.104060","article-title":"Identification of salivary proteins of the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora by transcriptome and LC-MS\/MS analyses","volume":"165","author":"Pavithran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2025.102738","article-title":"Function of nuclear envelope proteins in plant growth and development","volume":"85","author":"Hazelwood","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70086","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.70086","article-title":"The Nucleoporin CPR5 modulates plant immunity via guanylate-binding proteins","volume":"26","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14756","article-title":"The nuclear pore complex: A strategic platform for regulating cell signaling","volume":"219","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.005579","article-title":"Analysis and effects of cytosolic free calcium increases in response to elicitors in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cells","volume":"14","author":"Lecourieux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.12.027","article-title":"Effects of scavengers for active oxygen species on cell death by cryptogein","volume":"66","author":"Hirasawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2009.02019.x","article-title":"Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) salivary components induce defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"32","author":"Jander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2007.02.018","article-title":"Proteomic profiling of aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae responses to host-plant-mediated stress induced by defoliation and water deficit","volume":"53","author":"Michaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.12856","article-title":"Identification of salivary proteins in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci by transcriptomic and LC-MS\/MS analyses","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00851","article-title":"Cuticular structure proteomics in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum reveals new plant virus receptor candidates at the tip of maxillary stylets","volume":"19","author":"Deshoux","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M116.058081","article-title":"The salivary protein repertoire of the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae: A quest for effectors","volume":"15","author":"Jonckheere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Brito, N., and Gonz\u00e1lez, C. (2012). High abundance of Serine\/Threonine-rich regions predicted to be hyper-O-glycosylated in the secretory proteins coded by eight fungal genomes. BMC Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-213"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1834-9","article-title":"Lipidomic analyses reveal enhanced lipolysis in planthoppers feeding on resistant host plants","volume":"64","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. China Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6nke, S., M\u00fcller, G., Hirsch, J., Fellert, S., Andreou, A., Haase, T., J\u00e4ckle, H., and K\u00fchnlein, R.P. (2007). Dual lipolytic control of body fat storage and mobilization in Drosophila. PLoS Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050137"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36403-5","article-title":"Planthopper salivary sheath protein LsSP1 contributes to manipulation of rice plant defenses","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i291","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjh229","article-title":"Diversity of odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins in insects","volume":"30","author":"Pelosi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18507","article-title":"A highly accumulated secretory protein from cotton bollworm interacts with basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors to dampen plant defense","volume":"237","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18791","article-title":"The N-terminal subunit of vitellogenin in planthopper eggs and saliva acts as a reliable elicitor that induces defenses in rice","volume":"238","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.01493","article-title":"A salivary endo-\u03b2-1,4-glucanase acts as an effector that enables the brown planthopper to feed on rice","volume":"173","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Shi, S., and Hua, W. (2023). Advances of herbivore-secreted elicitors and effectors in plant-insect interactions. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1176048"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"70122","article-title":"Maltase 1 regulates DENV2 infection and life history in Aedes aegypti","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2021.104852","article-title":"Transcriptomic identification and characterization of genes commonly responding to sublethal concentrations of six different insecticides in the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"175","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2020.09.004","article-title":"Sulfakinin inhibits activity of digestive enzymes in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Asia-Pac. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1999.00544.x","article-title":"Yariv reagent treatment induces programmed cell death in Arabidopsis cell cultures and implicates arabinogalactan protein involvement","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2002.01259.x","article-title":"A role for arabinogalactan proteins in gibberellin-induced \u03b1-amylase production in barley aleurone cells","volume":"29","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monier, M., and Courtier-Orgogozo, V. (2022). Drosophila glue: A promising model for bioadhesion. Insects, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13080734"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13356","article-title":"A nonclassically secreted effector of Magnaporthe oryzae targets host nuclei and plays important roles in fungal growth and plant infection","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05567-z","article-title":"Characterization of glutamine synthetase involved in the fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, D., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., Smagghe, G., and Wang, J. (2019). Reduced glutamine synthetase activity alters the fecundity of female Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Insects, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10070186"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2025.104299","article-title":"Functional analysis of the epsilon glutathione S-transferases in the adaptation of Spodoptera litura to xanthotoxin","volume":"180","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"kiaf529","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiaf529","article-title":"bHLH090 promotes insect resistance by positively regulating myrosin idioblast development and myrosinase biosynthesis","volume":"199","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2011.01.016","article-title":"Insect herbivore counteradaptations to the plant glucosinolate-myrosinase system","volume":"72","author":"Winde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70035","DOI":"10.1002\/pei3.70035","article-title":"Plant defense responses to insect herbivores through molecular signaling, secondary metabolites, and associated epigenetic regulation","volume":"6","author":"Mahanta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant-Environ. Interact."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00625","article-title":"Redox control of aphid resistance through altered cell wall composition and nutritional quality","volume":"175","author":"Rasool","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.18.00437","article-title":"Aphid-borne viral spread is enhanced by virus-induced accumulation of plant reactive oxygen species","volume":"179","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borowiak-Sobkowiak, B., Wo\u017aniak, A., Bednarski, W., Formela, M., Samardakiewicz, S., and Morkunas, I. (2016). Brachycorynella asparagi (Mordv.) induced-oxidative stress and antioxidative defenses of Asparagus officinalis L.. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17101740"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"601796","article-title":"Activation of two noncanonical R proteins by an insect effector confers plant immunity to aphid infestation","volume":"7","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biorxiv"}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/17\/8\/779\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:22:56Z","timestamp":1785385376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/17\/8\/779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["insects17080779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects17080779","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]}}}