{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:59:28Z","timestamp":1785473968433,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["132432GJHZ2025011STUPRO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["132432GJHZ2025011STUPRO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["132432GJHZ2025011STUPRO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["132432GJHZ2025011STUPRO"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034t30j35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The evolution of novel feeding structures played a major role in the diversification of Hemiptera. Here, we investigate the morphology and inferred function of a highly specialized labium in the extinct Cretaceous planthopper families Neazoniidae and Mimarachnidae. These insects possessed a feeding apparatus unparalleled among extant Hemiptera that is characterized by an extremely elongated labium with a densely corrugated apical segment formed by sinusoidal cuticular folds. Comparative analysis, aided by micro-computed tomography, indicates that the cuticular corrugations were a mechanical adaptation that increased the flexibility of the tubular feeding structure while resisting kinking and buckling. We propose that this morphology facilitated probing within deep bark fissures and other mechanically resistant plant tissues, potentially enabling access to the vascular bundles. Similar corrugated feeding structures convergently occur in several unrelated Cretaceous hemipterans as well as some long-proboscid Mecoptera, suggesting that extinct Mesozoic ecosystems supported feeding strategies absent in their modern relatives. Furthermore, we propose the synonymy of Mimarachnidae with Neazoniidae based on the shared possession of this specialized labium morphology, along with other morphological features, establishing the taxonomic connection between nymph and adult specimens. We also transfer the unplaced genus Spinonympha to the family Neazoniidae and describe a new species of the genus Cretodorus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17080789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:53:31Z","timestamp":1785333211000},"page":"789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flexible Drinking Straws of the Cretaceous: A Novel Type of Labium in Mesozoic Auchenorrhyncha and Its Functional Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dolev","family":"Fabrikant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 12 Klausner Street, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"New Environmental School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6100000, Israel"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzhe","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas-Romanos","family":"Davranoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, 12 Klausner Street, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.02029.x","article-title":"Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations","volume":"23","author":"Yoder","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ens.12053","article-title":"Insect morphology in the age of phylogenomics: Innovative techniques and its future role in systematics","volume":"17","author":"Friedrich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Entomol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11390","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68220-x","article-title":"Fossils reshape the Sternorrhyncha evolutionary tree (Insecta, Hemiptera)","volume":"10","author":"Drohojowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Schuh, R.T., and Slater, J.A. (1995). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History, Cornell University Press."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaefer, C.W., and Panizzi, A.R. (2000). Heteroptera of Economic Importance, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420041859"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12775","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815820115","article-title":"Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects","volume":"115","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257570","article-title":"Phylogenomics resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution","volume":"346","author":"Misof","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, N., Wang, M.-M., Huang, W.-C., Wu, Z.-Y., Shao, R., and Yin, X.-M. (2024). Phylogeny and evolution of hemipteran insects based on expanded genomic and transcriptomic data. BMC Biol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-024-01991-1"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beutel, R.G., Friedrich, F., Yang, X.-K., and Ge, S.-Q. (2013). Insect Morphology and Phylogeny: A Textbook for Students of Entomology, Walter de Gruyter.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110264043"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07773-x","article-title":"Diversification and extinction of Hemiptera in deep time","volume":"8","author":"Boderau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krenn, H.W. (2019). Insect Mouthparts: Form, Function, Development and Performance, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29654-4"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2013.03.007","article-title":"The cephalic morphology of the Gondwanan key taxon Hackeriella (Coleorrhyncha, Hemiptera)","volume":"42","author":"Spangenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthropod Struct. Dev."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Grimaldi, D., and Engel, M.S. (2005). Evolution of the Insects, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/89.2.157","article-title":"Insect Fluid-Feeding on Upper Pennsylvanian Tree Ferns (Palaeodictyoptera, Marattiales) and the Early History of the Piercing-and-Sucking Functional Feeding Group","volume":"89","author":"Labandeira","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Dmitriev, D.A., Angelova, R., Anufriev, G.A., Bartlett, C.R., Blanco-Rodr\u00edguez, E., Borodin, O.I., Cao, Y.H., Cara, C., Deitz, L.L., and Dietrich, C.H. (2025, July 22). Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946. World Auchenorrhyncha Database. Available online: https:\/\/hoppers.speciesfile.org\/otus\/56032\/overview."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/syen.12666","article-title":"Phylogenomic insights into the relationship and the evolutionary history of planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)","volume":"50","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Syst. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1653\/0015-4040(2005)88[464:KTTFOF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Keys to the Families of Fulgoromorpha with Emphasis on Planthoppers of Potential Economic Importance in the Southeastern United States (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha)","volume":"88","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2012.06.001","article-title":"Sensory pits\u2014Enigmatic sense organs of the nymphs of the planthopper Issus coleoptratus (Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoromorpha)","volume":"41","author":"Krumpholz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthropod Struct. Dev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davranoglou, L.-R., Cicirello, A., Taylor, G.K., and Mortimer, B. (2019). Planthopper bugs use a fast, cyclic elastic recoil mechanism for effective vibrational communication at small body size. PLoS Biol., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000155"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Nault, L.R., and Rodriguez, J.G. (1985). Planthopper Systematics and External Morphology. The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, John Wiley Sons Inc."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Rasnitsyn, A.P., and Quicke, D.L.J. (2002). Superorder Cimicidea Laicharting, 1781 Order Hemiptera Linn\u00e9, 1758. The Bugs, Cicadas, Plantlice, Scale Insects, Etc.(= Cimicida Laicharting, 1781,= Homoptera Leach, 1815+ Heteroptera Latreille, 1810). History of Insects, Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1080\/00222930802106963","article-title":"Patterns of trophic relationships between planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) and their host plants on the Mascarene Islands","volume":"42","author":"Bourgoin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nat. Hist."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Denno, R.F., and Perfect, T.J. (1994). Planthopper\/Plant Interactions: Feeding Behavior, Plant Nutrition, Plant Defense, and Host Plant Specialization. Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management, Springer."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Strong, D.R., Lawton, J.H., and Sir Southwood, R. (1984). Insects on Plants: Community Patterns and Mechanisms, Harvard University Press."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17822","article-title":"The Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution and the Origins of Modern Biodiversity","volume":"233","author":"Benton","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18476\/pale.v12.a1","article-title":"Cretaceous chimera\u2013an unusual 100-million-year old neuropteran larva from the \u201cexperimental phase\u201d of insect evolution","volume":"12","author":"Haug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Palaeodiversity"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"127","article-title":"Nymphs of a new family Neazoniidae fam. n. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea) from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber","volume":"48","author":"Szwedo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr. Invertebr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.5252\/g2009n1a9","article-title":"First discovery of Neazoniidae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) in the Early Cretaceous amber of Archingeay, SW France","volume":"31","author":"Szwedo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geodiversitas"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"259","article-title":"Mesozoic Spider Mimics-Cretaceous Mimarachnidae fam.n. (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea)","volume":"16","author":"Shcherbakov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Russ. Entomol. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.11646\/mesozoic.1.3.4","article-title":"Investigation of Cretodorus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Mimarachnidae) based on new adult and nymph fossils from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mesozoic"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/03115518.2025.2466172","article-title":"A New Genus and Two New Species of Planthopper (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Mimarachnidae) from the Mid-Cretaceous Kachin Amber of Myanmar","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alcheringa Australas. J. Palaeontol."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"201","article-title":"Immature planthoppers had longer mouthparts 100 million years ago as exemplified by quantitative morphology","volume":"46","author":"Amaral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spixiana"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"93","article-title":"Jeweled Achilidae\u2014A new look at their systematics and relation to other Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera)","volume":"10","author":"Brysz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Monogr. Up. Silesian Mus."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12542-024-00693-x","article-title":"New indications for the life habits of long-legged aphidlion-like larvae in about 100-million-year-old amber","volume":"98","author":"Haug","year":"2024","journal-title":"PalZ"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.11646\/mesozoic.3.1.4","article-title":"Disruptive colouration is much more common in immature animals from the Myanmar amber forest than anticipated, indicating regular convergent evolution","volume":"3","author":"Haug","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mesozoic"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, C., Wang, B., and Jarzembowski, E.A. (2021). A Bizarre Planthopper Nymph (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) from Mid-Cretaceous Kachin Amber. Insects, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12040318"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2014.03.001","article-title":"The first Mimarachnidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from Lower Cretaceous lithographic limestones of the Sierra Del Montsec in Spain","volume":"52","author":"Szwedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cretac. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00435-015-0266-7","article-title":"The structure of exetremely long mouthparts in the aphid genus Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae)","volume":"134","author":"Depa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoomorphology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Tian, L., Li, H., and Cai, W. (2021). Ultrastructural Variations of Antennae and Labia Are Associated with Feeding Habit Shifts in Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10111161"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1951.tb00749.x","article-title":"On the food, feeding mechanism and alimentary canal of Corixidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)","volume":"121","author":"Sutton","year":"1951","journal-title":"Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, W., Bro\u017cek, J., and Dai, W. (2020). Unique Fine Morphology of Mouthparts in Haematoloecha nigrorufa (St\u00e5l) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Adapted to Millipede Feeding. Insects, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11060386"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00435-014-0243-6","article-title":"From micropterism to hyperpterism: Recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)","volume":"134","author":"Bourgoin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoomorphology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"030035","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4952858","article-title":"Micro-CT at the imaging beamline P05 at PETRA III","volume":"1741","author":"Wilde","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2010.01.004","article-title":"Tyrosine hydroxylase is required for cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation in Tribolium castaneum","volume":"40","author":"Gorman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"239","article-title":"The interlocking mechanism of maxillae and mandibles in fulgoroidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)","volume":"75","author":"Bourgoin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pol. J. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"101","article-title":"Larval characters and their ontogenetic development in Fulgoroidea (Homoptera, Cicadina)","volume":"9","author":"Emeljanov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zoosyst. Ross."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1453.1.4","article-title":"A new genus and a new species of the tribe Mithymnini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Nogodinidae) from Namibia, with sternal sensory pits in the adult","volume":"1453","author":"Gnezdilov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Western Palaearctic Issidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea): An Illustrated Checklist and Key to Genera and Subgenera","volume":"318","author":"Gnezdilov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Zool. Inst. RAS"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00435-024-00681-4","article-title":"Fine morphology of eggs, nymphs, wax-secreting structures and sensory pits of the planthopper Euricania clara Kato (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae), with comparative notes on related species","volume":"143","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zoomorphology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1359.1.1","article-title":"Systematic notes on tribes in the family Caliscelidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) with the description of new taxa from Palaearctic and Oriental Regions","volume":"1359","author":"Gnezdilov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2022.105308","article-title":"A new genus and species of family Mimarachnidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, northern Myanmar","volume":"139","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cretac. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.15298\/rusentj.26.4.12","article-title":"First record of the Cretaceous family Mimarachnidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) in amber","volume":"26","author":"Shcherbakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Russ. Entomol. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.11646\/palaeoentomology.3.3.12","article-title":"New data on fossil mimarachnids (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Fulgoroidea) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber","volume":"3","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Palaeoentomology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taszakowski, A., Mas\u0142owski, A., and Bro\u017cek, J. (2022). Labial Sensory Organs of Two Leptoglossus Species (Hemiptera: Coreidae): Their Morphology and Supposed Function. Insects, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14010030"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., and Dai, W. (2020). How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?. Insects, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11080503"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Depa, \u0141., Bro\u017cek, J., and Dai, W. (2026). Morphological Modification of the Mouthparts of Aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha: Aphididae). Insects, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17010087"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s42235-020-0089-1","article-title":"Large Curvature Folding Strategies of Butterfly Proboscis","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bionic Eng."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.09.034","article-title":"The crescent cross-section and dichotomous chitin structure make the proboscis of butterflies and moths a hydraulic spring","volume":"206","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Stepanova, T. (2020). Characterization of Mechanical, Thermodynamic and Surface Properties of the Butterfly Proboscis. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Clemson University]."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178338","article-title":"A Probable Pollination Mode before Angiosperms: Eurasian, Long-Proboscid Scorpionflies","volume":"326","author":"Ren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay1259","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay1259","article-title":"Mouthpart homologies and life habits of Mesozoic long-proboscid scorpionflies","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2024.106069","article-title":"A remarkable psyllomorph family from Cretaceous Burmese amber, Miralidae stat. nov.(= Dinglidae syn. nov.; Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)","volume":"168","author":"Ivanov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cretac. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.15298\/rusentj.29.2.02","article-title":"New Homoptera from the Early Cretaceous of Buryatia with notes on the insect fauna of Khasurty","volume":"29","author":"Shcherbakov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Russ. Entomol. J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041005","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4053267","article-title":"Bending Stability of Corrugated Tubes with Anisotropic Frustum Shells","volume":"89","author":"Wo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Mech."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garbowski, T., and Knitter-Pi\u0105tkowska, A. (2022). Analytical Determination of the Bending Stiffness of a Five-Layer Corrugated Cardboard with Imperfections. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15020663"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2015.06.057","article-title":"Experiments on corrugated thin cylindrical shells under uniform external pressure","volume":"106","author":"Ghazijahani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2008.12.009","article-title":"Morphing of curved corrugated shells","volume":"46","author":"Norman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2023.116683","article-title":"Development and manufacturing of flexible joints based on corrugated composite laminates","volume":"308","author":"Riva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37975","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37975","article-title":"Design of a Corrugated Vascular Graft with Enhanced Compliance and Kink Resistance","volume":"113","author":"Robinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eml.2022.101941","article-title":"Stiffening multi-stable origami tubes by outward popping of creases","volume":"58","author":"Wo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Extrem. Mech. Lett."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"104","article-title":"On the flexure of thin cylindrical shells and other \u201cthin\u201d sections","volume":"116","author":"Brazier","year":"1927","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. Contain. Pap. Math. Phys. Character"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1017\/S009483730000381X","article-title":"Shell Sculpture as a Defensive Adaptation in Ammonoids","volume":"7","author":"Ward","year":"1981","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-8252(03)00014-X","article-title":"Patterns and processes of shell fragmentation in modern and ancient marine environments","volume":"63","author":"Zuschin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safshekan, F., Tafazzoli-Shadpour, M., Abdouss, M., and Shadmehr, M.B. (2016). Mechanical Characterization and Constitutive Modeling of Human Trachea: Age and Gender Dependency. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9060456"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013002","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.95.013002","article-title":"Geometry and design of origami bellows with tunable response","volume":"95","author":"Reid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, Y., Dietrich, C.H., and Dai, W. (2016). Structure and Sensilla of the Mouthparts of the Spotted Lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), a Polyphagous Invasive Planthopper. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156640"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"173","article-title":"Directional control of the stylets in phytophagous Hemiptera","volume":"44","author":"Pollard","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (A)"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1603\/0013-8746(2001)094[0438:EMOTOH]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"External Morphology of Tagosodes orizicolus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy","volume":"94","author":"Mora","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Nault, J.R., and Rodriguez, J.G. (1985). Anatomical and sensory mechanisms of leafhopper and planthopper feeding behavior. The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krenn, H.W. (2019). Morphogenesis of Piercing Stylets in Hemiptera. Insect Mouthparts: Form, Function, Development and Performance, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29654-4"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1134\/S0013873820070015","article-title":"The Fossil Record of Long-Proboscid Nectarivorous Insects","volume":"100","author":"Khramov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Entomol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2023.03.008","article-title":"Insect pollination in deep time","volume":"38","author":"Engel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.11646\/mesozoic.1.2.4","article-title":"Morphological features of the Upper Cretaceous planthopper Mimaeurypterus burmiticus suggest specialization for cryptic camouflage on tree bark","volume":"1","author":"Fabrikant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mesozoic"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49414-4","article-title":"A unique camouflaged mimarachnid planthopper from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.11646\/mesozoic.1.4.6","article-title":"Three new species of Multistria from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Mimarachnidae)","volume":"1","author":"Fabrikant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mesozoic"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cretres.2020.104682","article-title":"New mimarachnids in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha)","volume":"119","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cretac. Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barr\u00f3n, E., Peyrot, D., Bueno-Cebollada, C.A., Kva\u010dek, J., \u00c1lvarez-Parra, S., Altolaguirre, Y., and Mel\u00e9ndez, N. (2023). Biodiversity of ecosystems in an arid setting: The late Albian plant communities and associated biota from eastern Iberia. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282178"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2023.104486","article-title":"Amber and the Cretaceous Resinous Interval","volume":"243","author":"Peris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4996\/fireecology.1101074","article-title":"Relative Bark Thickness Is Correlated with Tree Species Distributions along a Fire Frequency Gradient","volume":"11","author":"Schafer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fire Ecol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/S009483730000974X","article-title":"Angiosperm Diversification and Cretaceous Floristic Trends: A Comparison of Palynofloras and Leaf Macrofloras","volume":"16","author":"Lidgard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Paleobiology"}],"container-title":["Insects"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/17\/8\/789\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:25:59Z","timestamp":1785471959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4450\/17\/8\/789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["insects17080789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects17080789","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]}}}