{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:59:43Z","timestamp":1785495583769,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP25797095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP25797095"]}]},{"award":["AP25797095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP25797095"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tyne317","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fruit mites, particularly Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, and eriophyid mites, are among the most economically important arthropod pests in apple orchards, causing significant reductions in photosynthetic efficiency, fruit quality, and yield. Their management has traditionally relied on chemical acaricides; however, the widespread development of resistance, adverse effects on beneficial arthropods, and increasing environmental concerns have highlighted the limitations of pesticide-dependent control strategies. This review critically evaluates current advances in the management of major fruit mite species affecting apple orchards, with particular emphasis on Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, and eriophyid mites. The biology, ecology, and economic significance of these pests are examined together with contemporary chemical control strategies, mechanisms of acaricide resistance, and sustainable resistance management. Particular attention is given to predatory mites, conservation biological control, habitat management, and ecological engineering as essential components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The review also examines the integration of biological, chemical, and cultural control measures within IPM programs and provides a regional perspective on fruit mite management in Southeastern Kazakhstan, highlighting local challenges, knowledge gaps, and opportunities for implementing ecologically based IPM systems. Emerging approaches, including precision agriculture, digital monitoring, molecular diagnostics, and climate-adaptive pest management, are also assessed. The available evidence indicates that sustainable fruit mite management requires a transition from pesticide-centered control toward integrated, ecologically resilient orchard protection systems in which biological control and IPM serve as the foundation, while chemical control functions as a targeted supporting tool. To our knowledge, no previous review has comprehensively integrated biological control, acaricide resistance management, ecologically based IPM, and region-specific challenges for fruit mite management in Southeastern Kazakhstan into a unified framework while also identifying key research priorities for Central Asia, including resistance surveillance, biodiversity conservation, climate adaptation, and digital decision-support technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17080795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:11:38Z","timestamp":1785492698000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Pest Management of Fruit Mites in Apple Orchards: Biological and Chemical Control, Resistance Management, and Regional Perspectives from Southeastern Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Assel A.","family":"Karabayeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakyt K.","family":"Kopzhasarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LLP \u201cZh. Zhiembayev Kazakh Research Institute for Plant Protection and Quarantine\u201d, Kultobe 1, Rakhat Microdistrict, Nauryzbai District, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulnar K.","family":"Ziyaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9646-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazira M.","family":"Duzbayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0759-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabiga M.","family":"Kudaibergenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAOSTAT (2026, June 10). Crops and Livestock Products Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 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