{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:31:16Z","timestamp":1786509076598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["833-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["833-2018"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["891-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["891-2020"]}]},{"award":["833-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["833-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03fd5ne08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["891-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["891-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03fd5ne08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electroantennography (EAG) is a valuable approach for monitoring insect antennal responses to insecticidal and test compounds and may provide a preliminary screening method for identifying compounds with potential activity against medically important insect vectors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EAG responses of Rhodnius prolixus to different xenobiotics and to compare these electrophysiological responses with host approach and protection against biting. Antennae from adult triatomines subjected to prolonged fasting (\u226530 days) were exposed to the tested compounds. In parallel, live-bait behavioral bioassays were conducted using Gallus gallus and a newly designed laboratory device. Exposure to IR3535 and carvone produced a greater than 60% reduction in ammonia-induced EAG amplitude, consistent with the protection times observed in the behavioral assays (135.6 \u00b1 43.29 min and 108.0 \u00b1 26.33 min, respectively). These findings indicate that IR3535 and carvone alter antennal responses to ammonia and provide prolonged protection against R. prolixus bites. Because neither compound significantly delayed host approach, the observed behavioral effect was more consistent with biting deterrence than with demonstrated spatial repellency. EAG may therefore serve as a preliminary complementary screening approach, although its ability to identify compounds that interfere with hematophagous feeding requires further validation using larger and chemically diverse compound libraries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17080829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:10:24Z","timestamp":1786374624000},"page":"829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electroantennographic and Behavioral Evidence Identifies Carvone and IR3535 as Biting Deterrents Against Rhodnius prolixus (St\u00e5l, 1872)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8020-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin Rodolfo","family":"Escobar-Olarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales\u2014CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Guatiguar\u00e1 Technology and Research Park, Km 2 V\u00eda El Refugio, Piedecuesta 681018, Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8262-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Adolfo","family":"Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales\u2014CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Guatiguar\u00e1 Technology and Research Park, Km 2 V\u00eda El Refugio, Piedecuesta 681018, Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales\u2014CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Guatiguar\u00e1 Technology and Research Park, Km 2 V\u00eda El Refugio, Piedecuesta 681018, Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth Mariela","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales\u2014CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Guatiguar\u00e1 Technology and Research Park, Km 2 V\u00eda El Refugio, Piedecuesta 681018, Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"G\u00f3ngora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GIRGA, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio 1745, Meta, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0789-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Carolina","family":"Monta\u00f1o-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n GYAS, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio 500001, Meta, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3342-7938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Carolina","family":"Vel\u00e1squez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Neurociencias y Comportamiento UIS-UPB, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2245-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonny Edward","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales\u2014CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Guatiguar\u00e1 Technology and Research Park, Km 2 V\u00eda El Refugio, Piedecuesta 681018, Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0761","article-title":"Experimental and Clinical Treatment of Chagas Disease: A Review","volume":"97","author":"Molina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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