{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:25:48Z","timestamp":1787030748065,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"National Key R & D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1400700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1400700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023A1515030219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515030219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri, ACP) is the primary vector of citrus huanglongbing and exhibits positive phototactic behavior. Octopamine (OA) is a critical neuromodulator of diverse insect behaviors, yet its regulatory mechanism in ACP phototactic behavior remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, three core genes of the OA signaling pathway in ACP were identified and characterized: the biosynthetic enzyme DcT\u03b2H and two \u03b2-adrenergic-like OA receptors (DcOct\u03b21R, DcOct\u03b22R). All three genes exhibited a U-shaped developmental expression pattern and high transcript abundance in the head, suggesting potential involvement in the early nymphal and adult stages and essential roles in central nervous system. Pharmacology assays revealed that DcOct\u03b21R activation by OA and tyramine induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation, with agonists and antagonists exerting differential effects on its activity. In contrast, no cAMP response was observed in cells expressing DcOct\u03b22R regardless of ligand treatment. Combined RNA interference and behavioral assays demonstrated that silencing DcT\u03b2H or DcOct\u03b21R significantly impairs ACP phototactic behavior. These findings revealed that the OA signaling positively regulates phototactic behavior via DcOct\u03b21R in ACP. This study enhances the understanding of OA-mediated phototactic behavior in agricultural pests and lays a foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms of insect behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17080851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:42:17Z","timestamp":1786974137000},"page":"851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Octopamine Signaling Regulates Phototactic Behavior via a \u03b2-Adrenergic-like Receptor in Diaphorina citri"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fei-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Qi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Feng","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Er","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0094-5368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bao-Li","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6574-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.09.076","article-title":"Egg-laying demand induces aversion of UV Light in Drosophila females","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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