{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:16:07Z","timestamp":1788412567536,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101000467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101000467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["101000467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101000467"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In efforts to survey biting flies, there is a need for a multi-species trap that can capture diverse families of hematophagous flies, thus functioning as a more robust and representative trapping method. The current study evaluated the efficiency of the baited P38T BioFlyTrap with other standard traps, namely the H-trap used in South Africa, the Vavoua (West\/Central Africa), and the Nzi (East Africa), in informing decision-making to undertake enhanced surveillance and control interventions against biting flies in South Africa. A comparative study was done using a 4 \u00d7 4 Latin Square Design (LSD) approach over a period of 16 days in northeastern KwaZulu-Natal. The H-trap was most efficient for Glossinidae, while the Nzi trap caught the most diverse species dominated by Tabanidae. The P38T BioFlyTrap showed moderate performance across all categories (Glossinidae, Tabanidae, Muscidae (Stomoxyini)) of biting flies. The Vavoua trap was the least effective trap for Glossinidae and Tabanidae, but was relatively effective for Stomoxyini. In this environment, baited P38T BioFlyTrap would be useful for broader spectrum surveillance, while baited H-trap and Nzi remain specifically more performant, respectively for Glossinidae and Tabanidae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17090912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:41:18Z","timestamp":1788266478000},"page":"912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the Efficiency of Baited BioFlyTrap P38T, H-Trap, and Nzi and Vavoua Traps Towards Biting Flies of Glossinidae, Tabanidae and Muscidae (Stomoxyini) Families in Northeastern KwaZulu-Natal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2905-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moeti O.","family":"Taioe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Parasites & Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"},{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4227-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serero A.","family":"Modise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon N. B.","family":"Boikanyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Parasites & Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2365-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamohale","family":"Chaisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Gimonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INTERTRYP, University of Montpellier, Cirad, IRD, F-34398 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Centre de Coop\u00e9ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche, INTERTRYP, F-34398 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Esterhuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Parasites & Vectors, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (ARC-OVR), Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7665-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Desquesnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Coop\u00e9ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche, INTERTRYP, F-34398 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"National Veterinary School of Toulouse, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Host-Pathogen Interactions Laboratory, University of Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.005","article-title":"Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis","volume":"33","author":"Diall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47141-5","article-title":"Prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis among livestock and domestic animals in Uganda: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis from 1980 to 2022","volume":"13","author":"Cecchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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