{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T15:19:13Z","timestamp":1771859953294,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association of Danish Podiatrists"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAPMA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Caregivers often seek medical assistance when their child experiences podiatric medical ailments. Podiatric medical diseases such as ingrown toenails, callosities, warts, metatarsus varus, and hallux valgus frequently occur in children and adolescents. However, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation are often based on empirical experiences; thus, as a first endeavor, clinical and epidemiologic mapping of podiatric medical diseases in children is warranted. We describe the prevalence of common foot conditions\u2014callosities, ingrown toenails, hallux valgus, metatarsus varus, and warts\u2014among Danish schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated foot conditions in children in first (aged 6\u20138 years), fifth (aged 10\u201312 years), and ninth (aged 14\u201316 years) grades. The clinical status of the feet was examined by teams of two podiatric physicians each. Specifically, we evaluated deformities of the foot, foot pathologies, and their anatomical localization. Results: Of 501 children (1002 extremities) evaluated, 417 had one or more of the investigated foot deformities or pathologies. We found 266 various foot pathologies among Danish schoolchildren. Metatarsus varus (53%) and callosities (46%) were the most frequently occurring foot conditions. The prevalence of foot pathologies of ingrown toenails and warts was 14% and 12%, respectively. The prevalence of ingrown toenails, metatarsus varus, and hallux valgus increased with age. Conclusions: This study found that foot pathologies such as warts and ingrown toenails and conditions such as metatarsus varus and callosities are common in Danish primary school students. These findings of high prevalences of foot pathologies and conditions motivate future research projects to clarify how this affects general health and subsequently the relation to pain, health challenges, socioeconomics, and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/japma116010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:05:11Z","timestamp":1771855511000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Common Foot Conditions in Children\u2014A Cross-Sectional Study in Danish Children Aged 6 to 16 Years"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Camilla Hedegaard","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soeren","family":"Boedtker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5825-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Bomark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Clinic\u2013Stevns, \u00d8stergade 4C, 4660 Store Heddinge, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ales","family":"Jurca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volumental AB, 111 21 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Benyahia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2324-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael M\u00f8rk","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3884-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Balslev-Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steen","family":"Harsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SDU Health Informatics and Technology, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3201-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Nai En","family":"Tierp-Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"The Pediatric Section, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, J. B. Winsl\u00f8ws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567010-00006","article-title":"Lower-extremity rotational problems in children. Normal values to guide management","volume":"67","author":"Staheli","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"226","article-title":"Lower Extremity Abnormalities in Children","volume":"96","author":"Rerucha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-018-0284-z","article-title":"Incorrectly fitted footwear, foot pain and foot disorders: A systematic search and narrative review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Buldt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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