{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T09:03:04Z","timestamp":1776330184993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAPMA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite the frequent occurrence of ankle injuries, there is no consensus among orthopedic surgeons regarding the diagnosis and treatment of syndesmotic injuries. This study evaluates the clinical and radiological outcomes of three-cortex syndesmotic fixation in Weber type B\/C lateral malleolus fractures (with or without medial malleolus involvement) associated with syndesmotic injury. Material and Method: This study analyzed thirty-six (36) patients with Weber type B\/C lateral malleolus fractures treated between 2011 and 2022. All underwent open reduction and fixation with plates and screws for malleolar fractures, along with a 3.5 mm cortical syndesmosis fixation using three cortical engagements. Preoperative and postoperative radiological findings and final functional ankle assessments were reviewed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess inter- and intra-observer agreement for tibiofibular clear space (TFCS), tibiofibular overlap (TFO), medial clear space (MCS), and anterior tibiofibular ratio (ATFR) measurements. The functional status of the ankle has been assessed using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.56 \u00b1 16.23 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 20.89 \u00b1 24.93 months. Postoperative AOFAS scores averaged 91.08 \u00b1 9.90. The inter-observer agreement for preoperative assessments was excellent across all parameters (ICC &gt; 0.9). However, in the postoperative period, inter-observer agreement for ATFR measurement was poor (ICC &lt; 0.5), while agreement for all other parameters remained excellent (ICC &gt; 0.9). Intra-observer comparisons of preoperative (pre-op) and postoperative (post-op) measurements were poor across all parameters (ICC &lt; 0.5); this can be attributed to the success of reduction, reflecting the positive directional change on all parameters. After an average follow-up of 20 months, four radiological parameters showed significant differences, indicating enhanced stability and reduced diastasis. Conclusions: Three-cortex syndesmotic screw fixation in Weber type B\/C lateral malleolus fractures with syndesmotic injuries yielded excellent mid-term radiological and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/japma116020017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:37:19Z","timestamp":1776325039000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-Cortex Syndesmotic Fixation for Weber Type B\/C Lateral Malleolus Fractures with Syndesmotic Disruption: Clinical and Radiologic Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4916-3471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kemal","family":"G\u00f6kku\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Baskent University Alanya Practice and Research Center, 07400 Antalya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Baris","family":"Sargin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Baskent University Alanya Practice and Research Center, 07400 Antalya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1668-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahtiyar","family":"Haberal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University Ankara Hospital, 06490 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"\u015e\u00fck\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Baskent University Alanya Research and Application Center, 07400 Antalya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7677-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Sukru","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Baskent University Alanya Practice and Research Center, 07400 Antalya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638040-00005","article-title":"Some applications of the functional anatomy of the ankle joint","volume":"38-A","author":"Close","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. 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