{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:53:36Z","timestamp":1785405216047,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of T\u00fcrkiye","award":["1919B012111028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1919B012111028"]}]},{"award":["1919B012111028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1919B012111028"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04w9kkr77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAPMA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prolonged standing can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the lower extremities, when appropriate footwear is not used. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between footwear styles, foot problems, and pain characteristics related to lower extremities in individuals with prolonged standing. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was employed, using a random sample of individuals with prolonged standing (n = 159). Participants were asked questions about their footwear choices. They were asked to mark the lower extremity pain localization on the McGill Pain Map. In addition, foot deformities were evaluated by physical examination. Results: The findings revealed that most females (n = 88) and males (n = 71) preferred flat\/sports footwear styles in both summer and winter. There was no significant difference between footwear styles and foot pain duration, intensity, and localization in both genders (p &gt; 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was observed among males between their summer footwear styles and pain related to lower extremities (low back pain and knee pain), and among females between their summer footwear styles and foot problems (bone deformities, skin pathologies and soft tissue issues) (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study show that the preferred footwear style was associated with lower extremity pain and foot problems, which emphasized the importance of footwear selection and footwear evaluation in the musculoskeletal evaluation of the lower extremities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/japma116030029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T19:35:43Z","timestamp":1778528143000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Association Between Footwear Choices, Foot Problems, and Lower Extremity Pain Attributes in Individuals Engaged in Prolonged Standing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6456-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meltem","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla 48000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Kulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla 48000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Samur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla 48000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130kra","family":"Aky\u00fcrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla 48000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7han","family":"Bayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla 48000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200003000-00005","article-title":"Foot health and shoewear for women","volume":"372","author":"Frey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-68-4-245","article-title":"Shoe related foot problems and public health","volume":"68","author":"Gorecki","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatry Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"35","article-title":"Investigation of relationship between shoe usage and foot deformities, balance and functional performance","volume":"1","author":"Demirel","year":"2014","journal-title":"JETR"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.03.008","article-title":"The influence of heel height on plantar pressure","volume":"23","author":"Cernekova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(01)00038-5","article-title":"Biomechanical effects of wearing high-heeled shoes","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2190\/GA2M-FLA2-17FB-V5PE","article-title":"A history of medical scientists on high heels","volume":"28","author":"Linder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Serv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-89-2-75","article-title":"The effects of increasing heel height on forefoot peak pressure","volume":"89","author":"Mandato","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22513","article-title":"Risk factors for more severe regional musculoskeletal symptoms: A two-year prospective study of a general working population","volume":"56","author":"Andersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2018.1538262","article-title":"Prolonged occupational standing: The impact of time and footwear","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Footwear Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-1-2","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of foot pain in a population-based study: The Northwest Adelaide health study","volume":"1","author":"Hill","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-018-0265-2","article-title":"Footwear choices for painful feet\u2014An observational study exploring footwear and foot problems in women","volume":"11","author":"McRitchie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Res."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"290","article-title":"Protection or pleasure: Female footwear","volume":"41","author":"Seferin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2015.0914","article-title":"Quality of Life Impact Related to Foot Health in a Sample of Older People with Hallux Valgus","volume":"7","author":"Canosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000058357","article-title":"Foot dimensions of elderly people with and without diabetes mellitus\u2014A data basis for shoe design","volume":"48","author":"Chantelau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1159\/000086373","article-title":"Footwear characteristics and foot problems in older people","volume":"51","author":"Menz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2009.05.002","article-title":"The relationship between foot pain, anthropometric variables and footwear among older people","volume":"41","author":"Rebelatto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.920.344","article-title":"Older people and ill-fitting shoes","volume":"78","author":"Burns","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324346","article-title":"A method for scoring the pain map of the McGill Pain Questionnaire for use in epidemiologic studies","volume":"7","author":"Escalante","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x","article-title":"The numeric rating scale for clinical pain measurement: A ratio measure?","volume":"3","author":"Hartrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2020.103079","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders, foot health and footwear choice in occupations involving prolonged standing","volume":"81","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2021.18.17","article-title":"Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Educ. Eval. Health Prof."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105312463585","article-title":"Footwear choices made by young women and their potential impact on foot health","volume":"18","author":"Branthwaite","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2011.575396","article-title":"Is foot pain influenced by shoe wearing habits in older people?","volume":"3","author":"Mickle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Footwear Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24733","article-title":"Foot pain: Is current or past shoewear a factor?","volume":"61","author":"Dufour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_637_21","article-title":"Impact of routine footwear on foot health: A study on plantar fasciitis","volume":"11","author":"Umar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa.20.241","article-title":"A comparative study of foot dimension between adult male and female and evaluation of foot hazards due to using footwear","volume":"20","author":"Manna","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Anthropol. Appl. Human. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-018-0284-z","article-title":"Incorrectly fitted footwear, foot pain and foot disorders: A systematic search and narrative review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Buldt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw004","article-title":"Epidemiology of Shoe Wearing Patterns Over Time in Older Women: Associations with Foot Pain and Hallux Valgus","volume":"71","author":"Menz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4274-7","article-title":"How common are foot problems among individuals with diabetes? Diabetic foot ulcers in the Dutch population","volume":"60","author":"Stoekenbroek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2017.1373335","article-title":"Foot problems in older women","volume":"20","author":"Guidozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Climacteric"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/116\/3\/29\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:04:57Z","timestamp":1778529897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/116\/3\/29"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["japma116030029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/japma116030029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1930-8264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1930-8264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]}}}