{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:36:26Z","timestamp":1793496986381,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"T\u00dcB\u0130TAK 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program","award":["1919B012410793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1919B012410793"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAPMA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pes planus is a common foot deformity that may lead to both structural and functional consequences. This alteration in foot morphology has been associated with changes in neurosensory mechanisms such as proprioception and balance. This study aims to evaluate proprioception and balance parameters in young adults with pes planus by comparing them with healthy individuals. Methods: This case\u2013control study, which had a quantitative and cross-sectional design, included a total of 90 volunteer university students aged 18\u201330. The presence of pes planus was assessed using the Navicular Drop Test. Proprioception assessment was performed using a digital goniometer to measure active and passive joint position sense, while balance assessment was performed using the Y Balance Test. Results: The groups were similar in terms of demographic and anthropometric characteristics (p &gt; 0.05). In the proprioception assessment, a significant difference was observed in active joint position sense scores in individuals with pes planus (p = 0.032). In contrast, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of passive joint position sense (p = 0.769). According to the Y Balance Test results, no difference was observed in the anterior and posteromedial directions (p = 0.690 and p = 0.806). At the same time, the balance performance of individuals with pes planus was significantly lower in the posterolateral direction (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Young individuals with flexible pes planus showed differences in active joint position sense and balance performance in the posterolateral direction. This situation shows that pes planus may be associated with not only structural but also neurosensory functions. The findings highlight the importance of planning protective interventions early. In the future, there is a need for longitudinal studies conducted with larger and more heterogeneous samples, including rigid type pes planus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/japma116040050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:27:31Z","timestamp":1783531651000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Proprioception and Balance in Young Adults with Pes Planus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4656-6176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma Betul","family":"Yardimci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Anaforoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, Ankara 06010, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2009.05.006","article-title":"Repeatability of the Pedar-X\u00ae in-shoe pressure measuring system","volume":"16","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Raj, M.A., Tafti, D., and Kiel, J. 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