{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:27:01Z","timestamp":1787218021211,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc.","JAPMA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rodeo, a non-traditional sport, may pose a higher risk of injury compared to other sports due to the intense forces exerted by livestock. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of lower extremity injuries and discuss potential strategies for injury reduction among rodeo athletes. A systematic review with meta-analysis, following PRISMA guidelines, was performed. A comprehensive search of three electronic databases was conducted, searching for studies assessing the epidemiological trends of lower extremity injuries in rodeo athletes. Studies were included if they were published in English, reported injury frequencies by body part, involved collegiate or professional rodeo athletes, and covered more than one rodeo event type. Among the seven identified studies on rodeo injury prevalence, six focused on Canadian and American professional rodeo athletes, while one studied collegiate athletes. The order of injury prevalence of the lower extremity was found to be thigh\/knee (TK) &gt; ankle (A) &gt; lower leg (LL) &gt; foot\/toes (FT) across all rodeo athletes. Timed event athletes exhibited a nine-percent higher prevalence of thigh\/knee and ankle injuries compared to rough stock athletes. Lower extremity injuries accounted for approximately twenty-eight percent of injuries among collegiate and professional rodeo athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/japma116040054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T08:10:20Z","timestamp":1787213420000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Lower Extremity Injuries in Rodeo Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Bethany","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ascension St. Vincent Podiatry Residency Program, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0427-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Heigh-Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona College of Podiatric Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Bolch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.10.010","article-title":"The Importance of Proper Shoe Gear and Safety Stirrups in the Prevention of Equestrian Foot Injuries","volume":"46","author":"Ceroni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300020801","article-title":"Epidemiologic Analysis of Injury in Five Years of Canadian Professional Rodeo","volume":"30","author":"Butterwick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2024, March 14). Professional Rodeo Cowboy Association 2024 Rule Book. Available online: https:\/\/www.prorodeo.org\/Documents\/Portal\/Home\/PrcaBusiness\/2024-PRCA-Rule-Book.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2024, March 14). National High School Rodeo Association 2022\u20132024 Rules, By-Law, & Constitution. Available online: https:\/\/nhsra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/NHSRA_Rulebook_3.5x5.875_2022-24.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199607000-00006","article-title":"Epidemiological Analysis of Injury in One Year of Canadian Professional Rodeo","volume":"6","author":"Butterwick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.7547\/22-032","article-title":"Grade III Turf Toe Injury in a Cowboy","volume":"113","author":"Hogge","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1983.11708608","article-title":"Injuries in Professional Rodeo","volume":"11","author":"Griffin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23259671241227217","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241227217","article-title":"Characteristics of Rodeo Injuries and Suggestions for Injury Prevention: A Systematic Review","volume":"12","author":"Box","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.03.023","article-title":"Rodeo-related injuries among adolescents treated at emergency departments","volume":"61","author":"Forrester","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181b625e4","article-title":"Analysis of 10 years of injury in high school rodeo","volume":"19","author":"Sinclair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000654","article-title":"Analysis of 4 Years of Injury in Professional Rodeo","volume":"30","author":"Nilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"R Core Team (2024). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1987.11709284","article-title":"Injuries in Professional Rodeo: An Update","volume":"15","author":"Griffin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800114","article-title":"Injuries in intercollegiate rodeo athletes","volume":"18","author":"Meyers","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Justin Sportsmedicine Team (2006). Rodeo Injury Report: 25 Years PRCA Injury Study, Mobile Sports Medicine Systems Inc."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"183","article-title":"Effects of lace-up and aircast ankle braces on dynamic postural control in functional fatigue condition: A study on volleyball players with ankle instability","volume":"4","author":"Sahebozamani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Treat."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0993-2","article-title":"Ankle Bracing is Effective for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Acute Ankle Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses","volume":"48","author":"Barelds","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758265","article-title":"Surface compaction affects vertical ground reaction forces of equine arena surfaces more than surface type","volume":"35","author":"Rohlf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Comp. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Kelton, M. (2025, October 23). Breakaway Stirrups: A Comprehensive Guide to Modern Equestrian Safety. Equestrian Safety and Infrastructure, Available online: https:\/\/www.equiniction.com\/breakaway-stirrups-a-comprehensive-guide-to-modern-equestrian-safety\/."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S421","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199907001-00003","article-title":"Shoe inserts and orthotics for sport and physical activities","volume":"31","author":"Nigg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199315010-00006","article-title":"Treatment of lower extremity injuries with orthotic shoe inserts. An overview","volume":"15","author":"Gross","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1260\/1747-9541.5.1.75","article-title":"Personality trait differences of traditional sport athletes, bullriders, and other alternative sport athletes","volume":"5","author":"Rhea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/116\/4\/54\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:04:58Z","timestamp":1787216698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1930-8264\/116\/4\/54"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["japma116040054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/japma116040054","relation":{},"ISSN":["1930-8264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1930-8264","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]}}}