{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:42:35Z","timestamp":1787622155820,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiogenic shock (CS) is part of a clinical syndrome consisting of acute left ventricular failure causing severe hypotension leading to inadequate organ and tissue perfusion. The most commonly used devices to support patients affected by CS are Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP), Impella 2.5 pump and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. The aim of this study is the comparison between Impella and IABP using CARDIOSIM\u00a9 software simulator of the cardiovascular system. The results of the simulations included baseline conditions from a virtual patient in CS followed by IABP assistance in synchronised mode with different driving and vacuum pressures. Subsequently, the same baseline conditions were supported by the Impella 2.5 with different rotational speeds. The percentage variation with respect to baseline conditions was calculated for haemodynamic and energetic variables during IABP and Impella assistance. The Impella pump driven with a rotational speed of 50,000 rpm increased the total flow by 4.36% with a reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) by \u224515% to \u224530%. A reduction in left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) by \u224510% to \u224518% (\u224512% to \u224533%) was observed with IABP (Impella) assistance. The simulation outcome suggests that assistance with the Impella device leads to higher reduction in LVESV, LVEDV, left ventricular external work and left atrial pressure-volume loop area compared to IABP support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10040140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T01:38:36Z","timestamp":1679881116000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["IABP versus Impella Support in Cardiogenic Shock: \u201cIn Silico\u201d Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2887-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"De Lazzari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Movement and Sport Sciences, \u201cForo Italico\u201d University of Rome, 00147 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Capoccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7887-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Badagliacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Internal Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00147 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4151-8653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selim","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Ulster University\u2014Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, York Street, Belfast BT15 1 AP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5149-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"De Lazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC-CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Teaching University Geomedi, 0114 Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Katz, A.M. 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