{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:16:57Z","timestamp":1781705817343,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic","award":["NU20J-02-00035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU20J-02-00035"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic","award":["NU21J-02-00039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU21J-02-00039"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic","award":["19-04790Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-04790Y"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science Foundation","award":["NU20J-02-00035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU20J-02-00035"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science Foundation","award":["NU21J-02-00039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU21J-02-00039"]}]},{"name":"Czech Science Foundation","award":["19-04790Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-04790Y"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The heart is capable of extensive adaptive growth in response to the demands of the body. When the heart is confronted with an increased workload over a prolonged period, it tends to cope with the situation by increasing its muscle mass. The adaptive growth response of the cardiac muscle changes significantly during phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. Cold-blooded animals maintain the ability for cardiomyocyte proliferation even in adults. On the other hand, the extent of proliferation during ontogenetic development in warm-blooded species shows significant temporal limitations: whereas fetal and neonatal cardiac myocytes express proliferative potential (hyperplasia), after birth proliferation declines and the heart grows almost exclusively by hypertrophy. It is, therefore, understandable that the regulation of the cardiac growth response to the increased workload also differs significantly during development. The pressure overload (aortic constriction) induced in animals before the switch from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth leads to a specific type of left ventricular hypertrophy which, in contrast with the same stimulus applied in adulthood, is characterized by hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes, capillary angiogenesis and biogenesis of collagenous structures, proportional to the growth of myocytes. These studies suggest that timing may be of crucial importance in neonatal cardiac interventions in humans: early definitive repairs of selected congenital heart disease may be more beneficial for the long-term results of surgical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10050205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T01:40:02Z","timestamp":1683682802000},"page":"205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Developmental Aspects of Cardiac Adaptation to Increased Workload"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bohuslav","family":"Ostadal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8723-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frantisek","family":"Kolar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Ostadalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6828-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Sedmera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Olejnickova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-6907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marketa","family":"Hlavackova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Alanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1955.184.1.18","article-title":"General and specific characteristics of physiological adaptations","volume":"184","author":"Adolph","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostadal, B., and Dhalla, N.S. (2014). Cardiac Adaptations, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5203-4"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a037150","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a037150","article-title":"Determinants of Cardiac Growth and Size","volume":"12","author":"Heallen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.308428","article-title":"Multimodal Regulation of Cardiac Myocyte Proliferation","volume":"121","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Myocyte proliferation in the developing heart","volume":"240","author":"Sedmera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Anat."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-020-10067-8","article-title":"Adult Cardiomyocyte Proliferation: A New Insight for Myocardial Infarction Therapy","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"243","article-title":"Das Herzgewicht der Wirbeltiere","volume":"38","author":"Hesse","year":"1921","journal-title":"Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Allg. Zool. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1969.tb16744.x","article-title":"Experimental cardiomegalies and \u201ccardiomegalies\u201d in free-living animals","volume":"156","author":"Poupa","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Clark, A.J. (1927). Comparative Physiology of the Heart, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000387290","article-title":"The effect of physical activity upon the heart of vertebrates","volume":"Volume 4","author":"Poupa","year":"1970","journal-title":"Medicine and Sport Science"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ostadal, B., and Dhalla, N.S. (1993). Heart Function in Health and Disease, Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"155","article-title":"Cardiac form, function and physiology","volume":"Volume 36A","author":"Gamprl","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Cardiovascular Syst\u00e9m: Morphology, Control and Function. Fish Physiology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.182.1.97","article-title":"Ventricular and Arterial Dynamics of Anaesthetised and Swimming Tuna","volume":"182","author":"Jones","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heart morphology and anatomy","volume":"Volume 36A","author":"Gamprl","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Cardiovascular Syst\u00e9m: Morphology, Control and Function. Fish Physiology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.3.635","article-title":"Development of cardiac sensitivity to oxygen deficiency: Comparative and ontogenetic aspects","volume":"79","author":"Ostadal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"101","article-title":"The terminal blood bed in the heart of fish","volume":"134","author":"Ostadal","year":"1971","journal-title":"Z. Fur Anat. Entwickl."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0731-1_33","article-title":"Relations between development of the capillary wall and myoarchitecture of the rat heart","volume":"53","author":"Ostadal","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00586575","article-title":"Differences in weight parameters, myosin-ATPase activity and the enzyme pattern of energy supplying metabolism between the compact and spongious cardiac musculature of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and turtle (Testudo horsfieldi)","volume":"343","author":"Bass","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedmera, D., and Wang, T. (2012). Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Vertebrate Heart, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3387-3"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedmera, D., and Wang, T. (2012). Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Vertebrate Heart, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3387-3"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative aspects of the development of the terminal vascular bed in the myocardium","volume":"19","author":"Ostadal","year":"1970","journal-title":"Physiol. Bohemoslov."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/248145a0","article-title":"Regeneration of the ventricular myocardium in amphibians","volume":"248","author":"Becker","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chablais, F., Veit, J., Rainer, G., and Ja\u017awi\u0144ska, A. (2011). The zebrafish heart regenerates after cryoinjury-induced myocardial infarction. BMC Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-11-21"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.09.005","article-title":"Zebrafish heart regeneration: Factors that stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation","volume":"100","author":"Zuppo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"183","article-title":"Patterns of form and function in developing hearts: Contributions from non-mammalian vertebrates","volume":"5","author":"Burggren","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cardioscience"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01939885","article-title":"Cardiac design in lower vertebrates: What can phylogeny reveal about ontogeny?","volume":"44","author":"Burggren","year":"1988","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20210321","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0321","article-title":"Ontogeny of cardiomyocytes: Ultrastructure optimization to meet the demand for tight communication in excitation-contraction coupling and energy transfer","volume":"377","author":"Birkedal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Rumyantsev, P.P. (1982). Cardiomyocytes in the Processes of Reproduction, Differentiation, and Regeneration, Nauka."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1996.0163","article-title":"Rapid transition of cardiac myocytes from hyperplasia to hypertrophy during postnatal development","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200708","article-title":"Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart","volume":"331","author":"Porrello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.026","article-title":"Dynamics of Cell Generation and Turnover in the Human Heart","volume":"161","author":"Bergmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1214608110","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte proliferation contributes to heart growth in young humans","volume":"110","author":"Mollova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"86","article-title":"Formation of the heart loop and proliferation structure of its wall as a base for ventricular septation","volume":"4","author":"Rychter","year":"1979","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6844926","article-title":"Neural crest cells contribute to normal aorticopulmonary septation","volume":"220","author":"Kirby","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1995.1211","article-title":"Programmed cell death and expression of the protooncogene bcl-2 in myocytes during postnatal maturation of the heart","volume":"219","author":"Kajstura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"4346","article-title":"Timing of cardiomyocyte growth, maturation, and attrition in perinatal sheep","volume":"29","author":"Jonker","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s003950050195","article-title":"Apoptosis and myocardial infarction","volume":"93","author":"Anversa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, J., Mohsin, S., and Houser, S.R. (2021). Cardiomyocyte Proliferation as a Source of New Myocyte Development in the Adult Heart. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157764"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20173","article-title":"Hypoxia induces heart regeneration in adult mice","volume":"541","author":"Nakada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206210","article-title":"Independent at heart: Persistent association of altitude with ischaemic heart disease mortality after consideration of climate, topography and built environment","volume":"70","author":"Faeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321604","article-title":"Systemic Hypoxemia Induces Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Right Ventricular Specific Induction of Proliferation","volume":"132","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1237","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00559.2015","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte proliferation in cardiac development and regeneration: A guide to methodologies and interpretations","volume":"309","author":"Leone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H579","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00666.2021","article-title":"Measuring cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activity and proliferation in the age of heart regeneration","volume":"322","author":"Auchampach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/112_2013_12","article-title":"The cardiomyocyte cell cycle in hypertrophy, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration","volume":"165","author":"Zebrowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.035","article-title":"No Evidence for Cardiomyocyte Number Expansion in Preadolescent Mice","volume":"163","author":"Alkass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostadal, B., and Dhalla, N.S. (2013). Cardiac Adaptations, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5203-4"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933216","article-title":"Physiological role of FGF signaling in growth and remodeling of developing cardiovascular system","volume":"65","author":"Krejci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10147","article-title":"Heart regeneration","volume":"473","author":"Laflamme","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199707)248:3<421::AID-AR15>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Developmental changes in the myocardial architecture of the chick","volume":"248","author":"Sedmera","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23283","article-title":"Developmental Progression of the Coronary Vasculature in Human Embryos and Fetuses","volume":"299","author":"Tomanek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20010301)262:3<310::AID-AR1040>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Apoptosis during coronary artery orifice development in the chick embryo","volume":"262","author":"Velkey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.57.3.393","article-title":"Protamine inhibits capillary formation in growing rat hearts","volume":"57","author":"Rakusan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Zak, R. (1984). Growth of the Heart in Health and Disease, Raven Press."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2008.01.007","article-title":"Directly transmitted viral diseases: Modeling the dynamics of transmission","volume":"16","author":"Lavine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000216974.75994.da","article-title":"VEGF family members regulate myocardial tubulogenesis and coronary artery formation in the embryo","volume":"98","author":"Tomanek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313573","article-title":"Stimulating Cardiogenesis as a Treatment for Heart Failure","volume":"124","author":"Heallen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309040","article-title":"Cardiac Regeneration: Lessons from Development","volume":"120","author":"Galdos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12054","article-title":"Meis1 regulates postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest","volume":"497","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s004290100206","article-title":"Characterisation of postnatal growth of the murine heart","volume":"204","author":"Leu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/26.12.1172","article-title":"Developmental changes in energy substrate use by the heart","volume":"26","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284137","article-title":"A change of heart: Understanding the mechanisms regulating cardiac proliferation and metabolism before and after birth","volume":"601","author":"Dimasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio0766","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is required for the cardiac differentiation of stem cells","volume":"4","author":"Chung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181e74a14","article-title":"Energy metabolic phenotype of the cardiomyocyte during development, differentiation, and postnatal maturation","volume":"56","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.04.021","article-title":"HIF1\u03b1 Represses Cell Stress Pathways to Allow Proliferation of Hypoxic Fetal Cardiomyocytes","volume":"33","author":"Stowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"32","article-title":"Postnatal development of muscle fibers and capillaries in the rat heart","volume":"14","author":"Rakusan","year":"1965","journal-title":"Physiol. Bohemoslov."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1993.1085","article-title":"Early postnatal development of contractile performance and responsiveness to Ca2+, verapamil and ryanodine in the isolated rat heart","volume":"25","author":"Ostadalova","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.42.3.303","article-title":"Pressure-induced cardiac enlargement in neonatal and adult rats. Left ventricular functional characteristics and evidence of cardiac muscle cell proliferation in the neonate","volume":"42","author":"Dowell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"217","article-title":"Regression of cardiomegaly induced in newborn rats","volume":"1","author":"Rakusan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01907972","article-title":"Change in cardiac myocyte size distribution in aortic-constricted neonatal rats","volume":"84","author":"Campbell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.68.4.984","article-title":"Remodeling of myocyte dimensions in hypertrophic and atrophic rat hearts","volume":"68","author":"Campbell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)33856-5","article-title":"Left ventricular pressure overload during postnatal development. Effects on coronary vasodilator reserve and tolerance to hypothermic global ischemia","volume":"105","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199804000-00014","article-title":"Pressure overload induced in newborn rats: Effects on left ventricular growth, morphology, and function","volume":"43","author":"Kolar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(03)00011-7","article-title":"Effect of increased pressure loading on heart growth in neonatal rats","volume":"35","author":"Sedmera","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Legato, M.J. (1987). The Stressed Heart, Martinus Nijhoff.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2041-8"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/27.3.341","article-title":"Myocardial fibrosis: Functional significance and regulatory factors","volume":"27","author":"Weber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2021.110066","article-title":"Cardiac fibrosis: Pathobiology and therapeutic targets","volume":"85","author":"Czubryt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e128336","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.128336","article-title":"Induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis protects neonatal mice from pressure overload-associated maladaptation","volume":"4","author":"Abouissa","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-00434-9","article-title":"A surgical mouse model of neonatal pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction","volume":"16","author":"Abouissa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R81","DOI":"10.1530\/ERP-18-0027","article-title":"EDUCATIONAL SERIES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease","volume":"5","author":"Hunter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Echo Res. Pract."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3425\/10\/5\/205\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:32:33Z","timestamp":1760124753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3425\/10\/5\/205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcdd10050205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd10050205","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2308-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]}}}