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Genetically modified mice are the most widely and intensively utilized research animals for DCM. However, to translate discoveries from basic science into new and personalized medical applications, research in non-genetically based DCM models remains a key issue. Here, we characterized a mouse model of non-ischemic DCM induced by a stepwise pharmacologic regime of Isoproterenol (ISO) high dose bolus followed by a low dose systemic injection of the chemotherapy agent, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). C57BL\/6J mice were injected with ISO and, 3 days after, were randomly assigned to saline or 5-FU. Echocardiography and a strain analysis show that ISO + 5FU in mice induces progressive left ventricular (LV) dilation and reduced systolic function, along with diastolic dysfunction and a persistent global cardiac contractility depression through 56 days. While mice treated with ISO alone recover anatomically and functionally, ISO + 5-FU causes persistent cardiomyocyte death, ensuing in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through 56 days. ISO + 5-FU-dependent damage was accompanied by significant myocardial disarray and fibrosis along with exaggerated oxidative stress, tissue inflammation and premature cell senescence accumulation. In conclusions, a combination of ISO + 5FU produces anatomical, histological and functional cardiac alterations typical of DCM, representing a widely available, affordable, and reproducible mouse model of this cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10060225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T02:02:27Z","timestamp":1684807347000},"page":"225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Produced by Isoproterenol Acute Exposure Followed by 5-Fluorouracil Administration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Salerno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Scalise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9043-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Filardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Chiefalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Panuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Torella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5388-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2733-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina M.","family":"Ellison-Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King\u2019s College London, Guy\u2019s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Urbanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 88121 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Viglietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4915-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Torella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1675-2093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Cianflone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101530","article-title":"Myocardial regeneration protocols towards the routine clinical scenario: An unseemly path from bench to bedside","volume":"50","author":"Salerno","year":"2022","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13624","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13624","article-title":"Recent advances in pharmacological treatment of heart failure","volume":"51","author":"Iacoviello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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