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Secondary MACE were observed in 231 (14.3%) individuals, including 92 (5.7%) cardiovascular-related deaths. Both histories of hypertension and diabetes were associated with secondary MACE after adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity (HR 1.60 [95%CI 1.22\u20132.12] and 1.46 [95%CI 1.09\u20131.97], respectively). With further adjustments for traditional risk factors, individuals with conduction disturbances demonstrated higher risks of MACE: new left-bundle branch block (HR 2.86 [95%CI 1.15\u20136.55]), right-bundle branch block (HR 2.09 [95%CI 1.02\u20134.29]), and second-degree heart block (HR 2.45 [95%CI 0.59\u201310.16]). These associations were broadly similar across different age, sex, and ethnicity groups, although somewhat greater for history of hypertension and BMI among women versus men, for HbA1c control in individuals aged &gt;50 years, and for LVEF \u2264 40% in those with Indian versus Chinese or Bumiputera ethnicities. Several traditional and cardiac risk factors are associated with a higher risk of secondary major adverse cardiovascular events. In addition to hypertension and diabetes, the identification of conduction disturbances in individuals with first-onset MI may be useful for the risk stratification of high-risk individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10060250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T01:32:34Z","timestamp":1686274354000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk Factors of Secondary Cardiovascular Events in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4271-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia Rasheeqa","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of 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CB2 0BB, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK"},{"name":"Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Di Angelantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK"},{"name":"British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK"},{"name":"Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK"},{"name":"Health Data Science Research Centre, Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK"},{"name":"MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Pennells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular 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