{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:45:13Z","timestamp":1782535513334,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of heart valve disease (HVD) has been rising over the last few decades, mainly due to the increasing average age of the general population, and mitral valve (MV) disease is the second most prevalent HVD after calcific aortic stenosis, but MV disease is a heterogeneous group of different pathophysiological diseases. It is widely proven that regular physical activity reduces all-cause mortality rates, and exercise prescription is part of the medical recommendations for patients affected by cardiovascular diseases. However, changes in hemodynamic balance during physical exercise (including the increase in heart rate, preload, or afterload) could favor the progression of the MV disease and potentially trigger major cardiac events. In young patients with HVD, it is therefore important to define criteria for allowing competitive sport or exercise prescription, balancing the positive effects as well as the potential risks. This review focuses on mitral valve disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, risk stratification, exercise prescription, and competitive sport participation selection, and offers an overview of the principal mitral valve diseases with the aim of encouraging physicians to embody exercise in their daily practice when appropriate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10070304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:54:01Z","timestamp":1689728041000},"page":"304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Overview of Sport Participation and Exercise Prescription in Mitral Valve Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-7908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Perone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Rehabilitation Clinic \u201cVilla delle Magnolie\u201d, Castel Morrone, 81020 Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9036-8495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Peruzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1443-5788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Sant\u2019Ambrogio Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Sciarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 Coppito, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Frati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077 Isernia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0221-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cavarretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9419-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annachiara","family":"Pingitore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Specialistic Surgery \u201cParide Stefanini\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.01.078","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation and survival in older coronary patients","volume":"54","author":"Suaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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