{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:13Z","timestamp":1787028613969,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["3R01 HL139968-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01 HL139968-01S1"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["K24 HL150630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 HL150630"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 HL1399683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL1399683"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]},{"name":"Colorado CTSA","award":["3R01 HL139968-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01 HL139968-01S1"]}]},{"name":"Colorado CTSA","award":["K24 HL150630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 HL150630"]}]},{"name":"Colorado CTSA","award":["R01 HL1399683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL1399683"]}]},{"name":"Colorado CTSA","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]},{"name":"Jack Cooper Millisor Chair in Pediatric Heart Disease","award":["3R01 HL139968-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01 HL139968-01S1"]}]},{"name":"Jack Cooper Millisor Chair in Pediatric Heart Disease","award":["K24 HL150630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 HL150630"]}]},{"name":"Jack Cooper Millisor Chair in Pediatric Heart Disease","award":["R01 HL1399683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL1399683"]}]},{"name":"Jack Cooper Millisor Chair in Pediatric Heart Disease","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]},{"name":"Rose Community Foundation","award":["3R01 HL139968-01S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01 HL139968-01S1"]}]},{"name":"Rose Community Foundation","award":["K24 HL150630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 HL150630"]}]},{"name":"Rose Community Foundation","award":["R01 HL1399683"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL1399683"]}]},{"name":"Rose Community Foundation","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>microRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression. We previously evaluated expression of miRs in the cardiac tissue of children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using miRNA-seq. However, a comparative analysis of serum and cardiac miRs has not been performed in this population. The current study aimed to evaluate miR levels in the serum of pediatric DCM patients compared to healthy non-failing (NF) donor controls and investigate the association between miR levels in tissue and sera from the same pediatric DCM patients. Defining the relationship between serum and tissue miRs may allow the use of circulating miRs as surrogate markers of cardiac miRs. miR levels were investigated through miR-array in sera [n = 10 NF, n = 12 DCM] and miR-seq in tissue (n = 10 NF, n = 12 DCM). Pathway analysis was investigated using the miR enrichment analysis and annotation tool (miEAA) for the five miRs commonly dysregulated in the sera and tissue of pediatric DCM patients. Functional analysis of miRs commonly dysregulated in the sera and tissue of pediatric DCM patients suggests altered pathways related to cell growth, differentiation and proliferation, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and metabolism. These findings suggest that circulating miRs could reflect altered levels of cardiac tissue miRs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10090391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:09:21Z","timestamp":1694423361000},"page":"391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Circulating and Cardiac Tissue miRNAs in Children with Dilated Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Frehiwet T.","family":"Hailu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4249-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anis","family":"Karimpour-Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Neltner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian L.","family":"Stauffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO 80204, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Lipshultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Oishei Children\u2019s Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley D.","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0349-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen C.","family":"Sucharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2010.08.009","article-title":"The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirteenth official pediatric heart transplantation report\u20142010","volume":"29","author":"Kirk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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