{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T03:08:41Z","timestamp":1761102521110,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR)"},{"name":"Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands (ARC EM)"},{"name":"Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serum testosterone is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which shares risk factors with aortic stenosis (AS). The association between serum testosterone and AS has not been previously investigated. We aimed to assess the prospective association between serum testosterone and risk of AS. Serum testosterone was determined at baseline using a radioimmunoassay kit in 2577 men aged 42\u201361 years recruited into the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were estimated for AS. After a median follow-up of 27.2 years, 119 cases of AS were recorded. The risk of AS increased continuously with increasing serum testosterone across the range 25\u201339 nmol\/L (p-value for nonlinearity = 0.49). In an analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, history of type 2 diabetes, history of coronary heart disease, and alcohol consumption, the HR (95% CI) for AS was 1.39 (1.10\u20131.76) per 10 nmol\/L increase in serum testosterone. When alcohol consumption was replaced with physical activity, the HR (95% CI) was 1.38 (1.09\u20131.74). Comparing the bottom versus top third of serum testosterone, the corresponding (adjusted) risk estimates were 1.76 (1.11\u20132.81) and 1.76 (1.10\u20132.80), respectively. In middle-aged and older Finnish men, elevated levels of serum testosterone were associated with an increased risk of AS. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and assess any potential relevance of serum testosterone in AS prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10110454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T08:08:58Z","timestamp":1699517338000},"page":"454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between Serum Testosterone and Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3738-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jari A.","family":"Laukkanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 100 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Department of Medicine, 40620 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Lavie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2625-0273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setor K.","family":"Kunutsor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pujari, S.H., and Agasthi, P. (2023, May 17). Aortic Stenosis. 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