{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:35:46Z","timestamp":1790123746481,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The mechanisms underlying the impact of estradiol (E2) on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are not completely understood, although a role for proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been proposed. We aimed to investigate the association between levels of E2, PCSK9, and lipid parameters in premenopausal women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods: Healthy women undergoing IVF in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University General Hospital of Ioannina were recruited. Their levels of E2, PCSK9, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C, and triglycerides (TGs) were measured 10 days after ovarian depression (E2min) and 7 days after ovarian stimulation (E2max). Results: We included 34 consecutive women of median age 38 (interquartile range 26\u201346) years who underwent a full IVF cycle. As expected, E2 levels increased by 329.6% from E2min to E2max (108 [47\u2013346] to 464 [241\u20132471] pg\/mL, p &lt; 0.05). During the same time, serum PCSK9 levels decreased by 30.8% (245 \u00b1 80 to 170 \u00b1 64 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.05). TC, LDL-C, and TGs decreased by 0.4%, 3.8%, and 2.2%, respectively, while HDL-C levels increased by 5.3% (all p = NS). Conclusions: The rise in endogenous E2 during an IVF cycle was related with a significant decline in serum PCSK9 levels, but no significant change in plasma lipids during a 7-day period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11010025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T04:54:38Z","timestamp":1705294478000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Serum Estradiol on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin\/Kexin Type 9 Levels and Lipid Profiles in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Anastasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5940-6895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fotios","family":"Barkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"},{"name":"Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Tellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atherothrombosis Research Centre\/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Zikopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Liberopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Propedeutic Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistr\u03b9an University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.61.2.302","article-title":"Lipoprotein-cholesterol distributions in selected North American populations: The lipid research clinics program prevalence study","volume":"61","author":"Heiss","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.29.20150067","article-title":"Hypercholesterolemia, low density lipoprotein receptor and proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin-type 9","volume":"29","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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