{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:45:12Z","timestamp":1760143512057,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a life-threatening emergency that can result in cardiac structural complications without timely revascularization. A retrospective study from the National Inpatient Sample included all patients with a diagnosis of STEMI between 2016 and 2020. Primary outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LoS), and healthcare costs for patients with and without structural complications. There were 994,300 hospital admissions included in the analysis (median age 64 years and 32.2% female). Structural complications occurred in 0.78% of patients. There was a three-fold increase in patients with cardiogenic shock (41.6% vs. 13.6%) and in-hospital mortality (30.6% vs. 10.7%) in the group with structural complications. The median LoS was longer (5 days vs. 3 days), and the median cost was significantly greater (USD 32,436 vs. USD 20,241) for patients with structural complications. After adjustments, in-hospital mortality was significantly greater for patients with structural complications (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.73\u20132.30), and both LoS and costs were greater. There was a significant increase in mortality with ruptured cardiac wall (OR 9.16, 95% CI 5.91\u201314.20), hemopericardium (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.91\u20135.35), and ventricular septal rupture (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.98\u20133.35) compared with those with no complication. In conclusion, structural complications in STEMI patients are rare but potentially catastrophic events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11020059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T05:55:59Z","timestamp":1707976559000},"page":"59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structural Complications Following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample 2016 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Shing","family":"Kwok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adnan I.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximillian","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. P\u00f6lten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3100 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiometabolics, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. P\u00f6lten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3100 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y. H.","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University & Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK"},{"name":"Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-8146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josip A.","family":"Borovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Department, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp492","article-title":"Reperfusion therapy for ST elevation acute myocardial infarction in Europe: Description of the current situation in 30 countries","volume":"31","author":"Widimsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. 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