{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:51:34Z","timestamp":1790088694802,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to a pathologic elevation of the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in a wide range of medical conditions. These conditions are classified according to similarities in pathophysiology and management in addition to their invasive hemodynamic profiles. The 2022 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension present the newest clinical classification system and includes significant updates to the hemodynamic definitions. Pulmonary hypertension is now hemodynamically defined as an mPAP &gt; 20 mmHg, reduced from the previous threshold of \u226525 mmHg, due to important insights from both normative and prognostic data. Pulmonary vascular resistance has been extended into the definition of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension, with an updated threshold of &gt;2 Wood Units (WU), to help differentiate pulmonary vascular disease from other causes of increased mPAP. Exercise pulmonary hypertension has been reintroduced into the hemodynamic definitions and is defined by an mPAP\/cardiac output slope of &gt;3 mmHg\/L\/min between rest and exercise. While these new hemodynamic thresholds will have a significant impact on the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension, no evidence-based treatments are available for patients with mPAP between 21\u201324 mmHg and\/or PVR between 2\u20133 WU or with exercise PH. This review highlights the evidence underlying these major changes and their implications on the diagnosis and management of patients with pulmonary hypertension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11030078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T03:35:48Z","timestamp":1709004948000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Updated Clinical Classification and Hemodynamic Definitions of Pulmonary Hypertension and Its Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8310-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mithum","family":"Kularatne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gerges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"Jevnikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, DMU 5 Thorinno, H\u00f4pital Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 999 \u201cPulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies\u201d, H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Humbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, DMU 5 Thorinno, H\u00f4pital Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 999 \u201cPulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies\u201d, H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9358-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Montani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, DMU 5 Thorinno, H\u00f4pital Bic\u00eatre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR_S 999 \u201cPulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies\u201d, H\u00f4pital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200879","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00879-2022","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"61","author":"Humbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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