{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:54:58Z","timestamp":1760144098733,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]],"date-time":"2024-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mixed methods research forms the backbone of translational research methodologies. Qualitative research and subjective data lead to hypothesis generation and ideas that are then proven via quantitative methodologies and gathering objective data. In this vein, clinical trials that generate subjective data may have limitations, when they are not followed through with quantitative data, in terms of their ability to be considered gold standard evidence and inform guidelines and clinical management. However, since many research methods utilise qualitative tools, an initial factor is that such tools can create a burden on patients and researchers. In addition, the quantity of data and its storage contributes to noise and quality issues for its primary and post hoc use. This paper discusses the issue of the burden of subjective data collected and fatigue in the context of congestive heart failure (CHF) research. The CHF population has a high baseline morbidity, so no doubt the focus should be on the content; however, the lengths of the instruments are a product of their vigorous validation processes. Nonetheless, as an important source of hypothesis generation, if a choice of follow-up qualitative assessment is required for a clinical trial, shorter versions of the questionnaire should be used, without compromising the data collection requirements; otherwise, we need to invest in this area and find suitable solutions<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11040096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1711375223000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burden from Study Questionnaire on Patient Fatigue in Qualitative Congestive Heart Failure Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3169-3762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pupalan","family":"Iyngkaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"HeartWest, Hoppers Crossing, VIC 3029, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wania","family":"Usmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Bahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HeartWest, Hoppers Crossing, VIC 3029, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahad","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Public Health Program, Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.012","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"79","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iyngkaran, P., Usmani, W., Hanna, F., and de Courten, M. (2023). Challenges of Health Data Use in Multidisciplinary Chronic Disease Care: Perspective from Heart Failure Care. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10120486"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008242","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.008242","article-title":"Participation in a Heart Failure Clinical Trial. Perspectives and Opportunities From the VICTORIA Trial and VICTORIA Simultaneous Registry","volume":"14","author":"Ezekowitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.10.046","article-title":"Patient- and trial-specific barriers to participation in cardiovascular randomized clinical trials","volume":"61","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2015.04.008","article-title":"Enrollment in Heart Failure Clinical Trials: Insights into Which Entry Criteria Exclude Patients","volume":"21","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006798","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006798","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Cardiac Rehabilitation and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Heart Failure","volume":"13","author":"Kamiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.01.030","article-title":"ACC\u2019s Heart Failure and Transplant Section and Leadership Council. Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients with Heart Failure: JACC Expert Panel","volume":"77","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00611-7","article-title":"The role of cardiac rehabilitation in improving cardiovascular outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Li, M., Yin, C., Fang, Y., Zhu, Y., and Feng, J. (2022). Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on elderly patients with Chronic heart failure: A meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273251"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.064","article-title":"Characteristics, Treatments, and Outcomes of Patients with Preserved Systolic Function Hospitalized for Heart Failure","volume":"50","author":"Fonarow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000099","DOI":"10.1161\/HCQ.0000000000000099","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults with Heart Failure. A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures","volume":"13","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-007-9105-3","article-title":"A typology of mixed methods research designs","volume":"43","author":"Leech","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qual. Quant."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X12666160606121458","article-title":"Phase 4 Studies in Heart Failure\u2014What is Done and What is Needed?","volume":"12","author":"Iyngkaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Creswell, J.W., and Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, Sage. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fetters, M.D. (2020). The Mixed Methods Research Workbook: Activities for Designing, Implementing, and Publishing Projects, Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781071909713"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00e0bregues, S., Escalante-Barrios, E.L., Molina-Azorin, J.F., Hong, Q.N., and Verd, J.M. (2021). Taking a critical stance towards mixed methods research: A cross-disciplinary qualitative secondary analysis of researchers\u2019 views. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252014"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plano Clark, V.L., and Ivankova, N.V. (2016). Mixed Methods Research: A Guide to the Field, Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483398341"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tashakkori, A., and Teddlie, C. (2010). The SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research, Sage. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.4135\/9781506335193"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Denzin, N.K., and Lincoln, Y. (2011). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.2006.23.2.145","article-title":"Mixed methods research is an effective method of enquiry for community health research","volume":"23","author":"Andrew","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Contemp. Nurse"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3102\/01623737011003255","article-title":"Toward a conceptual framework for mixed methods evaluation design","volume":"11","author":"Greene","year":"1989","journal-title":"Educ. Eval. Policy Anal."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-1870-2","article-title":"Why clinical trial outcomes fail to translate into benefits for patients","volume":"18","author":"Heneghan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177322","article-title":"American Heart Association Disease Management Taxonomy Writing Group. A taxonomy for disease management: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Disease Management Taxonomy Writing Group","volume":"114","author":"Krumholz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.989632","article-title":"Associations between outpatient heart failure process-of-care measures and mortality","volume":"123","author":"Fonarow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"e007973","article-title":"Evidence-Based Process Performance Measures and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Incident Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"15","author":"Johnsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12459","article-title":"Hydralazine and nitrates in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X12666160606123103","article-title":"Contextualizing Genetics for Regional Heart Failure Care","volume":"12","author":"Iyngkaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003166","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003166","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in antihypertensive medication use and blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2014.12.007","article-title":"Northern Territory perspectives on heart failure with comorbidities\u2014Understanding trial validity and exploring collaborative opportunities to broaden the evidence base","volume":"24","author":"Iyngkaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807265","article-title":"Racial differences in incident heart failure among young adults","volume":"360","author":"Pletcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002154","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.002154","article-title":"Racial differences in arterial stiffness and microcirculatory function between Black and White Americans","volume":"2","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H., Dorn, G.W., Shetty, A., Parihar, A., Dave, T., Robinson, S.W., Gottlieb, S.S., Donahue, M.P., Tomaselli, G.F., and Kraus, W.E. (2018). A genome-wide association study of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in African Americans. J. Pers. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm8010011"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.2541","article-title":"Association of variants in BAG3 with cardiomyopathy outcomes in African American Individuals","volume":"3","author":"Myers","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.3574","article-title":"Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of peripartum cardiomyopathy between African American and Non-African American Women","volume":"2","author":"Irizarry","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.02.008","article-title":"Racial differences in natriuretic peptide levels: The dallas heart study","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006827","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006827","article-title":"Racial differences in diuretic efficiency, plasma renin, and rehospitalization in subjects with acute heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2013.01.003","article-title":"Salt sensitivity: A review with a focus on non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics","volume":"7","author":"Richardson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007264","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007264","article-title":"Understanding the Complexity of Heart Failure Risk and Treatment in Black Patients","volume":"13","author":"Nayak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Fowler, F.J. (1995). Improving Survey Questions: Design and Evaluation, Sage Publishing."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/0163278707307899","article-title":"Methodologies for improving response rates in surveys of physicians: A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"VanGeest","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eval. Health Prof."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Audibert, C., Glass, D., and Johnson, T.P. (2020). Method and transparency of online physician surveys: An overview. Surv. Methods Insights Field."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunningham, C.T., Quan, H., Hemmelgarn, B., Noseworthy, T., A Beck, C., Dixon, E., Samuel, S., A Ghali, W., Sykes, L.L., and Jett\u00e9, N. (2015). Exploring physician specialist response rates to web-based surveys. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-015-0016-z"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bennett, C., Khangura, S., Brehaut, J.C., Graham, I.D., Moher, D., Potter, B.K., and Grimshaw, J.M. (2011). Reporting Guidelines for Survey Research: An Analysis of Published Guidance and Reporting Practices. PLoS Med., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001069"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/152715440100200312","article-title":"Institute of Medicine Report: Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health Care System for the 21st Century","volume":"2","author":"Wolfe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Policy Politics Nurs. Pract."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cella, D., Hahn, E.A., Jensen, S.E., Butt, Z., Nowinski, C.J., Rothrock, N., and Lohr, K.N. (2015). Patient-Reported Outcomes in Performance Measurement, RTI Press.","DOI":"10.3768\/rtipress.2015.bk.0014.1509"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (2023, March 12). Guidance for Industry: Patientreported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/patientreported-outcome-measures-use-medical-product-developmentsupport-labeling-claims."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51355","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to guide clinical care: Recommendations and challenges","volume":"216","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2015.10.015","article-title":"Utility of Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments in Heart Failure","volume":"4","author":"Kelkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.04.010","article-title":"Patient-Reported Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure: Applicability for Regulatory Approval","volume":"4","author":"Psotka","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.003","article-title":"Response burden and questionnaire length: Is shorter better? A review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Rolstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2003.08.013","article-title":"Follow-up by mail in clinical trials: Does questionnaire length matter?","volume":"25","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatch, R., Young, D., Barber, V., Harrison, D.A., and Watkinson, P. (2017). The effect of postal questionnaire burden on response rate and answer patterns following admission to intensive care: A randomised controlled trial. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0319-3"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"MR000008","article-title":"Methods to increase response rates to postal questionnaires","volume":"2","author":"Edwards","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakash, R.A., Hutton, J.L., J\u00f8rstad-Stein, E.C., Gates, S., and Lamb, S.E. (2006). Maximising response to postal questionnaires--a systematic review of randomised trials in health research. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-6-5"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059735","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1059735","article-title":"Comparison of Short and Long Form Flinders Program of Chronic Disease SELF-MANagement on Participants starting SGLT-2 Inhibitors for Congestive Heart Failure (SELFMAN-HF): Protocol for a prospective, observational study","volume":"10","author":"Iyngkaran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e053216","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053216","article-title":"Quality of life and disease experience in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in Spain: A mixed-methods study","volume":"11","author":"Rubio","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4733.2003.65236.x","article-title":"A review of selected patient-generated outcome measures and their application in clinical trials","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M.J., and Welch, V.A. (2023, November 02). Available online: www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X12666160703183001","article-title":"Self Managing Heart Failure in Remote Australia\u2014Translating Concepts into Clinical Practice","volume":"12","author":"Iyngkaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goh, F.Q., Kong, W.K.F., Wong, R.C.C., Chong, Y.F., Chew, N.W.S., Yeo, T.-C., Sharma, V.K., Poh, K.K., and Sia, C.-H. (2022). Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure\u2014A Review. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020179"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ventoulis, I., Arfaras-Melainis, A., Parissis, J., and Polyzogopoulou, E. (2021). Cognitive Impairment in Acute Heart Failure: Narrative Review. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd8120184"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021660","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021660","article-title":"Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The ARIC Study","volume":"11","author":"John","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e027164","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027164","article-title":"Diabetes and Excess Aldosterone Promote Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"11","author":"Hegyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omar, A.M.S., Rahman, M.A.A., Rifaie, O., and Bella, J.N. (2022). Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function: Distinct Elevated Risk for Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women Compared to Men. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9120417"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamirisa, K.P., Dye, C., Bond, R.M., Hollier, L.M., Marinescu, K., Vaseghi, M., Russo, A.M., Gulati, M., and Volgman, A.S. (2022). Arrhythmias and Heart Failure in Pregnancy: A Dialogue on Multidisciplinary Collaboration. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9070199"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horodinschi, R.N., and Diaconu, C.C. (2022). Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Diastolic Function Differences Depending on Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040839"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3425\/11\/4\/96\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:17:53Z","timestamp":1760105873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3425\/11\/4\/96"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcdd11040096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd11040096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-3425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2308-3425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,24]]}}}