{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:00:43Z","timestamp":1760144443594,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: To identify reasons for the persistence of surgical ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants after the 2019 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of transcatheter device closure; (2) Methods: We performed a 10-year (2014\u20132023) single-institution retrospective study of premature infants (&lt;37 weeks) and compared clinical characteristics and neonatal morbidities between neonates that underwent surgical ligation before (epoch 1) and after (epoch 2) FDA approval of transcatheter closure; (3) Results: We identified 120 premature infants that underwent surgical ligation (n = 94 before, n = 26 after FDA approval). Unfavorable PDA morphology, active infection, and recent abdominal pathology were the most common reasons for surgical ligation over device occlusion in epoch 2. There were no differences in demographics, age at closure, or outcomes between infants who received surgical ligation in the two epochs; (4) Conclusions: Despite increasing trends for transcatheter PDA closure in premature infants, surgical ligation persists due to unfavorable ductal morphology, active infection, or abdominal pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11050132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T08:08:27Z","timestamp":1713859707000},"page":"132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Who Still Gets Ligated? Reasons for Persistence of Surgical Ligation of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus Following Availability of Transcatheter Device Occlusion for Premature Neonates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4406-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia K.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Khazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wievineke","family":"Apers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puneet","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constance G.","family":"Weismann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Kaganov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children\u2019s Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5384-3472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig R.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Respiratory Care and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Porras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5103-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7816-2646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah U.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113712","article-title":"Current Trends in Invasive Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in United States Children\u2019s Hospitals, 2016\u20132021","volume":"263","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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