{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:07:34Z","timestamp":1792789654135,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PI\u2014Wakai","award":["NIH RO1 HL063174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH RO1 HL063174"]}]},{"name":"PI\u2014Wakai","award":["NIH RO1 HL143485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH RO1 HL143485"]}]},{"name":"PI\u2014Strasburger","award":["NIH RO1 HL063174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH RO1 HL063174"]}]},{"name":"PI\u2014Strasburger","award":["NIH RO1 HL143485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH RO1 HL143485"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmias have changed over the past 40\u201350 years since propranolol was first used to treat fetal tachycardia in 1975 and when first attempts were made at in utero pacing for complete heart block in 1986. Ongoing clinical trials, including the FAST therapy trial for fetal tachycardia and the STOP-BLOQ trial for anti-Ro-mediated fetal heart block, are working to improve diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmias for both mother and fetus. We are also learning more about how \u201csilent arrhythmias\u201d, like long QT syndrome and other inherited channelopathies, may be identified by recognizing \u201csubtle\u201d abnormalities in fetal heart rate, and while echocardiography yet remains the primary tool for diagnosing fetal arrhythmias, research efforts continue to advance the clinical envelope for fetal electrocardiography and fetal magnetocardiography. Pharmacologic management of fetal arrhythmias remains one of the most successful achievements of fetal intervention. Patience, vigilance, and multidisciplinary collaboration are key to successful diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11060163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T11:17:52Z","timestamp":1716549472000},"page":"163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Arrhythmias in the Current Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6458-3669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacy A. S.","family":"Killen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Jr. Children\u2019s Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children\u2019s Way, Suite 5230, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janette F.","family":"Strasburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Engineering, Children\u2019s Wisconsin, Herma Heart Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.069369","article-title":"Rhythm Abnormalities of the Fetus","volume":"93","author":"Hornberger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1372430","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Arrhythmia","volume":"31","author":"Strasburger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. 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