{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:34:25Z","timestamp":1787319265324,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoxia can induce pulmonary edema (PE) and inflammation. Furthermore, hypoxia depresses left ventricular (LV) inotropy despite sympathetic activation. To study the role of hypoxic sympathetic activation, we investigated the effects of hypoxia with and without adrenergic blockade (AB) on cardiovascular dysfunction and lung injury, i.e., pulmonary edema, congestion, inflammation, and nitrosative stress. Eighty-six female rats were exposed for 72 h to normoxia or normobaric hypoxia and received infusions with NaCl, prazosin, propranolol, or prazosin\u2013propranolol combination. We evaluated hemodynamic function and performed histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the lung. Hypoxia significantly depressed LV but not right ventricular (RV) inotropic and lusitropic functions. AB significantly decreased LV function in both normoxia and hypoxia. AB effects on RV were weaker. Hypoxic rats showed signs of moderate PE and inflammation. This was accompanied by elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) and nitrotyrosine, a marker of nitrosative stress in the lungs. In hypoxia, all types of AB markedly reduced both TNF\u03b1 and nitrotyrosine. However, AB did not attenuate PE. The results suggest that hypoxia-induced sympathetic activation contributes to inflammation and nitrosative stress in the lungs but not to PE. We suggest that AB in hypoxia aggravates hypoxia-induced inotropic LV dysfunction and backlog into the pulmonary circulation, thus promoting PE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11070195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T11:19:02Z","timestamp":1719487142000},"page":"195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Injury\u2014Adrenergic Blockade Attenuates Nitrosative Stress, and Proinflammatory Cytokines but Not Pulmonary Edema"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Riha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Salameh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annekathrin","family":"Hoschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coralie","family":"Raffort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre, University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Koedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3526-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beate","family":"Rassler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01167.2004","article-title":"Physiological aspects of high-altitude pulmonary edema","volume":"98","author":"Maggiorini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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