{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:11:04Z","timestamp":1790345464323,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common major congenital anomaly, affecting one in every 100 live births. Whereas over 90% of children born with CHD in low- and middle-income countries cannot access the care they need, early detection, advances in management, and financial risk protection have resulted in over 90% of children with CHD in high-income countries surviving into adulthood. Despite the presence of universal health coverage, barriers to accessing high-quality cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular care for CHD remain common. Lower socioeconomic status has been associated with differential access to cardiac care and poorer outcomes across multiple cardiovascular conditions and subspecialties. In this review article, we describe the relationship between socioeconomic status and access to CHD care in countries with universal health coverage models. We further evaluate notable challenges and opportunities to improve equitable, high-quality CHD care in these countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11080250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T04:29:57Z","timestamp":1723782597000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Socioeconomic Status and Access to Care for Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease in Universal Health Coverage Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Amanda A.","family":"Greenwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mimi X.","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelagh","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Alliance for Rheumatic and Congenital Hearts, Victoria, BC V8S 4N9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Weixler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3142-0388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Vervoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"},{"name":"Global Alliance for Rheumatic and Congenital Hearts, Victoria, BC V8S 4N9, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College St 4th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.05.003","article-title":"Prevalence of congenital heart disease","volume":"147","author":"Hoffman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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