{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:08:16Z","timestamp":1790662096313,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation Prim\u2019Enfance"},{"name":"Geneva University Hospitals Research and Development Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In adults, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary artery disease. EAT thickness is increased in obese youth, but total EAT volume and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors have not been studied. Objectives: To determine EAT volume in adolescents and its association with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study including 48 pubertal adolescents (24 obese and 24 lean subjects, aged 13.6 \u00b1 1.5 yr). EAT volume as well as visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue volumes were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Anthropometrical parameters; blood pressure (BP); fasting serum triglycerides; total and low- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol; glucose; and insulin levels were measured. Results: Obese adolescents had higher EAT volume compared to lean controls (49.6 \u00b1 18.0 vs. 17.6 \u00b1 6.7 cm3, p &lt; 0.0005). They also had significantly increased visceral abdominal fat volumes, systolic BP, serum triglycerides, and insulin levels, and decreased HDL-C concentration. EAT volume was significantly associated with anthropometrical indices and cardiovascular risk factors: waist circumference, systolic BP, triglycerides, HDL-C levels, and insulin resistance indices. Metabolic syndrome was present in 25% of obese adolescents. EAT volume was significantly higher in obese adolescents with MS compared to those without MS (63.5 \u00b1 21.4 vs. 44.9 \u00b1 14.6 cm3, p = 0.026). Conclusions: EAT volume, which is known to contribute to atherogenesis in adults, is increased in obese adolescents, and is associated with abdominal visceral fat, cardiovascular risk factors, and MS. Excessive EAT early in life may contribute to the development of premature cardiometabolic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11120383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T03:50:57Z","timestamp":1733111457000},"page":"383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epicardial Fat Volume Assessed by MRI in Adolescents: Associations with Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Wacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Service of Pediatric Specialties, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie J.","family":"Farpour-Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Prevention and Care Center Contrepoids, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9118-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magalie","family":"Viallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1206, F-69100 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Radiology Department, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, 42023 Saint Etienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Didier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Medical Information Sciences, Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1841-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"Beghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Service of Pediatric Specialties, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9110-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albane B. R.","family":"Maggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Movement Consultation, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Service of Pediatric Specialties, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.6.1175","article-title":"The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study","volume":"103","author":"Freedman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggio, A.B., Martin, X.E., Saunders Gasser, C., Gal-Duding, C., Beghetti, M., Farpour-Lambert, N.J., and Chamay-Weber, C. (2014). 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