{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:03:00Z","timestamp":1760058180002,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on patients with chronic total occlusions (CTOs) at the national level remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the National Inpatient Sample to assess the characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients with CTO based on the presence or absence of AF. Multiple logistic and linear regressions examined factors associated with AF and evaluated its impact on length of stay (LoS), cost, and mortality. The analysis included 480,180 patients diagnosed with CTO, with AF present in 28.0% of cases. Patients with CTOs and AF were older (median age 73 vs. 66 years, p &lt; 0.001) and exhibited lower female representation (25.0% vs. 27.9%, p &lt; 0.001). Factors most strongly associated with AF included previous heart failure (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.92\u20132.05, p &lt; 0.001), liver disease (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.27\u20131.48, p &lt; 0.001), and obesity (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.20\u20131.30, p &lt; 0.001). AF correlated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18\u20131.40, p &lt; 0.001), ischemic stroke (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.42, p &lt; 0.001), and major bleeding (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.30\u20131.46). Moreover, AF was associated with a longer LoS (coef 1.58, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.67, p &lt; 0.001) and higher in-hospital costs (coef 6.22, 95% CI 5.81 to 6.63, p &lt; 0.001). Patients with CTOs and AF were older and had more underlying health problems compared to patients without AF. The patients with AF have worse outcomes in terms of mortality, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, length of stay, and costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12030100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1741935736000},"page":"100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence and Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Patients with Chronic Total Occlusions: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Will","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Stra\u00dfe 30, 3500 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. P\u00f6lten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiometabolics, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Stra\u00dfe 30, 3500 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. P\u00f6lten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Holroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Foundation Trust, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Crewe CW1 4QJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-8146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josip A.","family":"Borovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Department, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adnan I.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y. H.","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L17 6BD, UK"},{"name":"Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Mascherbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Stra\u00dfe 30, 3500 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. P\u00f6lten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0122-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Leibundgut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Basel University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiometabolics, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Shing","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Foundation Trust, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2370","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: National implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: The AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study","volume":"285","author":"Go","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2017.06.005","article-title":"Patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease\u2014Double trouble","volume":"63","author":"Michniewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. 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