{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:48:07Z","timestamp":1790182087217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The stroke\u2013heart syndrome refers to incident cardiac complications post stroke. This study aims to evaluate the stroke\u2013heart syndrome by determining the rate and predictors of readmission for cardiac disease within 30 days of hospitalization for cerebral infarction. Methods: Data from the United States Nationwide Readmissions Database (2018 to 2020) were analyzed to identify rates and factors associated with 30-day readmissions for heart disease following cerebral infarction, excluding patients with atrial fibrillation, heart failure and myocardial infarction during admission with cerebral infarction. Results: There were 3,115,850 hospital admissions for cerebral infarction, and 75,440 admissions (2.4%) were readmitted with new onset cardiac events within 30 days of discharge. This included 36,310 (1.4%) readmissions for heart failure, 35,900 (1.1%) readmissions for atrial fibrillation, 17,465 (0.5%) readmissions for acute myocardial infarction, 810 (0.03%) readmissions for ventricular arrhythmias and 700 (0.02%) readmissions for Takotsubo syndrome. Readmitted patients were older (median age of 73 years vs. 68 years, p &lt; 0.001) and had a longer length of stay for initial admission (median of 4 days vs. 3 days, p &lt; 0.001). The most significant predictors of readmission were elective admission (OR 2.00, 95%CI 1.89\u20132.13, p &lt; 0.001), cancer (OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.81\u20132.01, p &lt; 0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.80, 95%CI 1.73\u20131.87, p &lt; 0.001), previous myocardial infarction (OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.50\u20131.69, p &lt; 0.001) and liver failure (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.06\u20131.68, p = 0.013). Palliative care was linked to a reduced odds of readmission (OR 0.36, 95%CI 0.31\u20130.41, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: New cardiac-related hospital readmissions within 30 days after ischemic stroke occur in 2.4% of patients, with elective admission and cancer being a strong predictor of readmissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12040116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T12:41:02Z","timestamp":1743079262000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Readmissions for Cardiac Disease Within 30 Days of Hospitalization for Cerebral Infarction: An Evaluation of the Stroke\u2013Heart Syndrome Using the Nationwide Readmission Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun Shing","family":"Kwok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Crewe CW1 4QJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan I.","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institute, St. Cloud, MN 56303, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4878-8146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josip Andelo","family":"Borovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Department, University Hospital of Split (KBC Split), 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. P\u00f6lten, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiometabolics, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Poelten, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital St. P\u00f6lten, 3100 St. P\u00f6lten, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Crewe CW1 4QJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Crewe CW1 4QJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Holroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Crewe CW1 4QJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory Y. H.","family":"Lip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University & Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30336-3","article-title":"Stroke-heart syndrome: Clinical presentation and underlying mechanism","volume":"17","author":"Scheitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scheitz, J.F., Sposato, L.A., Schulz-Menger, J., Nolte, C.H., Backs, J., and Endres, M. (2022). Stroke-heart syndrome: Recent advances and challenges. J. Am. 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