{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:01:23Z","timestamp":1792512083074,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCDD"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a major cause of hospitalizations, posing significant challenges to healthcare systems. Despite advancements in management, the rate of poor outcomes remains high globally, emphasizing the need for timely interventions. This study aimed to identify early admission-based factors predictive of poor outcomes in hospitalized AHF patients, in order to contribute to early risk stratification and optimize patient care. Methods: This retrospective single-center study analyzed routine data of adult patients hospitalized for AHF at a public university teaching hospital in Switzerland. Outcomes included in-hospital death, intensive care (ICU) treatment, and length of hospital stay (LOHS). Potential predictors were limited to routine parameters, readily available at admission. Missing predictor data was imputed and predictors were identified by means of multivariable regression analysis. Results: Data of 638 patients (median age 84 years, range 45\u2013101 years, 50% female) were included in the study. In-hospital mortality was 7.1%, ICU admission rate 3.8%, and median LOHS was 8 days (IQR 5\u201312). Systolic blood pressure \u2264 100 mmHg (Odds ratio (OR) 3.8, p = 0.009), peripheral oxygen saturation \u2264 90% or oxygen supplementation (OR 5.9, p &lt; 0.001), and peripheral edema (OR 2.7, p = 0.044) at hospital admission were identified as predictors of in-hospital death. Furthermore, a stroke or transient ischemic attack in the patient\u2019s history (OR 3.2, p = 0.023) was associated with in-hospital death. ICU admission was associated with oxygen saturation \u2264 90% or oxygen supplementation (OR 22.9, p &lt; 0.001). Factors linked to longer LOHS included oxygen saturation \u2264 90% or oxygen supplementation (IRR 1.2, p &lt; 0.001), recent weight gain (IRR 1.1, p = 0.028), and concomitant chronic kidney disease (IRR 1.2, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: This study validated established predictors of AHF outcomes in a Swiss cohort, highlighting the predictive value of poor perfusion status, fluid overload, and comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease. The identified predictors imply potential for developing tools to improve rapid treatment decisions. Future research should focus on the prospective external validation of the identified predictors and the design and validation of risk scores, incorporating these parameters to optimize early interventions and reduce adverse outcomes in AHF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd12070236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T03:05:27Z","timestamp":1750388727000},"page":"236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Early Prediction of Patient Outcomes in Acute Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8605-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Boesing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Baselland, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8290-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justas","family":"Suchina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Baselland, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9956-3895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"L\u00fcthi-Corridori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Baselland, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Executive and Continuing Education, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Jaun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Baselland, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Br\u00e4ndle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, 9000 Sankt Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg D.","family":"Leuppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Baselland, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2143","article-title":"The Heart Failure Association Atlas: Heart Failure Epidemiology and Management Statistics 2019","volume":"23","author":"Seferovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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